题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A．generalization
B．association
C．deduction
D．induction
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更多“The process of learning by dis…”相关的问题
What is the main subject of the passage？
A．Language acquisition in children.
B．Teaching languages to children.
C．How to memorize words.
D．Communicating with infants.
Learning science can bring a double benefit because science is both a method and a set of ideas, both a process and product. The processes of science provide a way of finding out information, testing ideas and see- king explanations. The products of science are ideas which can be applied in helping to understand new experiences. The word "can" is used advisedly here, it indicates that there is the potential to bring these benefits but no guarantee that they will be realized without taking the appropriate steps. In learning science the development of the process side and the product side must go hand in hand, they are totally interdependent. This has important implications for the kinds of activities children need to encounter in their education But before pursuing these implications, there are still two further important points which underline the value of including science in primary education.
The first is that whether we teach children science or not, they will ha developing ideas about the world around from their earliest years. If these ideas are based on casual observation, non-investigated events and the acceptance of hearsay, than they are likely to be non-scientific. "everyday" ideas. There are plenty of such ideas around for children to pick up. My mother believed (and perhaps still does despite my efforts) that if the sun shines through the window on to the fire it puts the fire out, that cheese maggots f a common encounter in her youth when food was sold unwrapped) are made of cheese and develop spontaneously from it, that placing a lid on a pan of boiling water makes it boil at a lower temperature, that electricity travels more easily if the wires are not twisted. Similar myths still abound and no doubt influence children's attempts to make sense of their experience. As well as hearsay, left to themselves, children will also form. some ideas which seem unscientific; for example, that to make something move requires a force but to stop it needs no force. All these ideas could easily be put to the test; children's science education should make children want to do it. Then they not only have the chance to modify their ideas, but they learn to be sceptical about so-called "truths" until these have been put to the test. Eventually they will realize that all ideas are working hypotheses which can never be proved right, but are useful as long as they fit the evidence of experience and experiment.
The importance of beginning this learning early in children's education is twofold. On the one hand the children begin to realize that useful ideas must fit the evidence; on the other hand they are less likely to form. and to accept everyday ideas which can be shown to be in direct conflict with evidence and scientific concepts. There are research findings to show that the longer the non-scientific ideas have been held, the more difficult they are to change. Many children come to secondary science, not merely lacking the scientific ideas they need, but possessing alternative ideas which are a barrier to understanding their science lessons.
The second point about starting to learn science, and to learn scientifically, at the primary level is connect- ed with attitudes to the subject. There is evidence that attitudes to science seem t
A．the importance of science in human development
B．the proper ways of teaching children science
C．the necessity for children to learn science
D．the correct attitude to science as a subject in primary education
A.do experiments with water
B.purify the used water and reuse it
C.use fresh water once again
D.make use of seawater
1)Students who reflect on their own （） will be more successful in learning.
A、thinking
B、evaluation
C、performance
D、activities
2)Which of the following statements is true？ （）
A、Students learn learning strategies from the teachers only.
B、Learning strategies are completely unobservable.
C、Students need to explore new learning strategies for themselves.
D、Teachers are the sole judges of students’ progress.
3)Teachers should encourage students to rely more on（）.
A、books
B、notes
C、tutors
D、themselves
4)Better learning strategies can make language learning more（）.
A、fun
B、interesting
C、efficient
D、exciting
5)Learning strategies are unobservable mental processes, so teachers should make them （）.
A、simpler
B、more familiar
C、more concrete
D、more applicable
Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments Would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed off drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metal and paper. Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us no only to buy thing we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by curing out unnecessary buying, excess use and careless disposal (处理) of the products we use in our daily lives.
The main cause of pollution is ______.
A．the release of artificial or natural substances into the environment
B．the production of new industrial goods
C．increased amounts of a natural substance
D．our ever-increasing population
A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the part of the "losing" faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn't end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings.
There is a better way. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, "It isn't who is right, but what is right, that counts."
The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology, the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it's possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never march.
The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn't possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, it's possible to organize the experts' information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; it's a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions.
From the first paragraph we can learn that______.
A．executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the street
B．very few people decide before they think
C．those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do so
D．people tend to consider carefully before making decisions
You need, then, not only to learn and understand, but also to practice!
Here are a few suggestions on effective practice/study techniques.
1.Make your mouth or hand do what your mind is learning.Study out loud.Do go to the lab and work on the tapes.Study with a friend, and, thus, participate in speaking and listening.Try to write sentences or a short paragraph using the skills you have practiced with your own lips.
2.Study day-by-day.You cannot get by in a foreign language course by cramming (临时抱佛脚) at the last minute.You may be able to “learn” vocabulary items that way, but you cannot teach your mouth to use them in sentences.
3.Sometimes go back and review “old”topics and vocabulary.Language learning is cumulative (累积的).You learn new skills on the basis of old ones.The more you “recycle”familiar information and skills, the better you will be able to take in new ones.
4.Don’t be afraid to make mistakes.Self-consciousness (害羞) can be a strong barrier to learning a language.Perhaps part of the reason small children readily learn languages is that they are not afraid of making mistakes.
41.The first paragraph of the passage has been written to lay stress on the fact that______.
A.memorizing vocabulary words is necessary in language learning
B.learning to swim is quite similar to learning about the Second World War
C.understanding the ideas is more important than anything else
D.language learning is a process of acquiring different language skills
42.One of the major benefits of studying with a friend is that ________ .
A.it makes one talk in a particular language
B.it builds the friendship between two friends
C.friends can share tapes or other learning materials
D.one studies better in with a friend
43.Cramming is no good while learning a language because _________.
A.it is of little use to study without a clear purpose
B.nothing can be learned through cramming
C.anything learned that way can hardly be put into use
D.one may not find enough time to use at the last minute
44.The purpose of reviewing old topics is __________.
A.to build up a good basis for new skills
B.to enjoy the good ideas contained in them
C.to throw away the old, useless information
D.to avoid making mistakes in the future
45.Which of the following is the best title for the passage？
A.Why Children Are Able to Learn a Language Better than Grown-ups
B.A Few Suggestions on Studying a Foreign Language
C.Why Learning a Foreign Language Is More Difficult than Anything Else
D.An Introduction to Language Teaching and Learning
Students need to develop an awareness of the learning process and strategies that lead to success. Students who reflect on their own thinking are more likely to engage in planning how to proceed with a learning task, monitoring their own performance on an ongoing basis, finding solutions to problems encountered, and evaluating themselves upon task completion. These activities may be difficult for students accustomed to having a teacher who solves all their learning problems and is the sole judge of their progress.
Teachers need to encourage students to rely more on themselves. Because learning strategies are mental processes with few observable manifestations, teachers need to find ways to make the strategies as concrete as possible. When students are able to use the strategies their teachers have taught them, and to do so without prompting, then they need to explore new strategies, new applications, and new opportunities for self-regulated learning.
Better learning strategies can make language learning more______.
A．fun
B．interesting
C．efficient
D．exciting
Intelligence, it 【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 【B6】 the starting line because it depends on learning — a(n) 【B7】 process — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to 【B8】.
Is there an adaptive value to 【B9】 intelligence？ That's the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance 【B10】 at all the species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 【B11】 of our own intelligence might be. This is 【B12】 the mind of every animal we've ever met.
Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would 【B13】 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 【B15】 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 【B16】 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n) 【B19】 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in？ 【B20】 the results are inconclusive.
【B1】
A．Suppose
B．Consider
C．Observe
D．Imagine
The process described by John Rogers and his colleagues from Bell Laboratories, an arm of Lucent Technologies, in New Jersey, and E Ink Corporation, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, starts with E Ink's established half-way house towards true electronic paper. This is based on spheres containing black, liquid dye and particles of white, solid pigment. The pigment particles are negatively charged, so they can be pushed and pulled around by electrodes located above and below the sheet.
The electrodes, in turn, are controlled by transistors under the sheet. Each transistor manipulates a single picture element (pixel), making it black or white. The pattern of pixels, in turn, makes up the picture or text on the page. The problem lies in making the transistors and connections. Established ways of doing this, such as photolithography, use silicon as the semiconductor in the transistors. That is all right for applications suck as pesters. It is too fragile and too expensive, though, for genuine electronic paper—which is why cheap and flexible electronic components are needed.
For flexibility, Dr. Rogers and his colleagues chose pentacene as their semiconductor, and gold as their wiring. Pentacene is a polymer whose semiconducting properties were discovered only recently. Gold is the most malleable metal known, and one of the best electrical conductors. Although it is pricey, so little is needed that the cost per article is tiny.
To make their electronic paper the researchers started with a thin sheet of Mylar, a tough plastic, that was coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO), a transparent electrical conductor. To carve this conductor into a suitable electric circuit, they used an innovation called microcontact printing lithography. This trick involves printing the pattern of the circuit on to the ITO using a rubber stamp. The "ink" in the process is a solvent-resistant chemical that protects this part of the ITO while allowing the rest to be dissolved.
From the first paragraph of the passage, we can learn that an electronic display ______.
A．can be made as good as paper
B．is cheap enough to be pasted on to walls and billboards
C．will be as thin and flexible as paper
D．is difficult to be created in the form. of flexible electronic circuitry
There is an experiment for this, or at least an observation, make long ago by Karl Von Frisch and more recently confirmed by James Gould at Princeton, Biologists who wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior. in general have to train their bees to fly from the hive to one or another special place. To do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the hive so that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beasts) can learn what the game is about. Then, at regular intervals, the dish or whatever is moved progressively father and farther from the hive in increments (增长) of about 25 percent at each move. Eventually, the target is being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. Sooner or later, while this process is going on, the biologists shifting the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for them, precisely where the next position had been planned. This is an uncomfortable observation to make.
With what subject is the passage mainly concerned？
A．The bee, a social animal.
B．Navigational techniques of bees.
C．Testing the awareness of bees.
D．The bee hive, nature's candy shop.
