题目内容
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Many economists ______ interest rates to climb even higher in the next few months.
A．predict B．suspect C．indicate D．expect
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Why isn't dollar worth as much as it used to be？ One dollar is always worth the same amount, that is, 100 cents. But the value of a dollar is how much it can buy. The value of money depends on the cost of living. Economists say that the cost of living is the money that a family must pay for the necessities of life such as food, housing or rent, clothes, and medical expenses. For many years now, the cost of living has increased greatly, so the value of the dollar has decreased. When a dollar has a low value, you cannot buy as many things with it.
No one fully understands why the cost of living keeps increasing, but economists believe that workers and producers can make prices go up. As workers earn more money, they have more money to spend, so they demand more goods. If there is a great demand for certain goods, the prices of these goods go up. At the same time, if there's a shortage of goods, the prices also go up. For example, if everyone wants to buy more and more gas, the price of gas goes up. When companies withhold gas from buyers, they can also make the price of gas go up.
Families need to know what happens to their money. They need to make their income meet the cost of living, so many people plan a family budget (预算). A budget is a list of monthly expenses. If your expenses add up to more than your income, you must find ways to save money. Maybe you're spending too much on entertainment. Or if you're spending too much on clothes, you may want to sew your own clothes. Budgeting helps you spend your money wisely as the cost of living increases.
What has troubled many families in the United States？
A．A not-large-enough income.
B．Nothing is left over to put away.
C．The increasing cost of living.
D．A shortage of certain goods.
In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on U.S. farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beings—a ratio that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and mule population for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic turn of mind. Had they been "economists", they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that would be only a matter of time before steam would be the prime source of power on the farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a consequence of new technological developments？
A．Older technologies die away.
B．The quality of life is improved.
C．Overall productivity increases.
D．More raw materials become necessary.
In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on U. S. farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beings—a ratio that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and the population for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic or technological turn of mind. Had they been "economists" , they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population to be more than 50 million. Had they been "technologists", they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that it would be the prime source of power on the farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly.
According to the passage, what supplied most of the power on U. S. farms in 170？
A．Animals.
B．Humans.
C．Engines.
D．Water.
The Producer Price Index,【3】measures what producers receive for goods and services,【4】1 percent in July, the Labor Department reported yesterday, double【5】economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from fiat prices in June. Excluding【6】and energy, the core index of producer prices rose 0.4 percent,【7】than the 0.1 percent that economists had【8】Much of that increase was a result of an【9】increase in car and truck prices.
On Tuesday, the Labor Department said the【10】that consumers paid for goods and services in July were【11】0.5 percent over all, and up 0.1 percent, excluding food and energy.
【12】the overall rise in both consumer and producer prices【13】caused by energy costs, which increased 4.4 percent in the month. (Wholesale food prices【14】0.3 percent in July. )【15】July 2004, wholesale prices were up 4.6 percent; the core rate【16】2.8 percent, its fastest pace since 1995．Typically, increases in the Producer Price Index indicate similar changes in the consumer index【17】businesses recoup (补偿) higher costs from customers.【18】for much of this expansion, which started【19】the end of 2001, that has not been the【20】. In fact, many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products.
(1)
A．indicate
B．to indicate
C．indicating
D．indicated
In the jobless-claims report, even with the decline, a government analyst said, the level was inflated as a result of a technical fluke. The distortion is coming from a requirement that laid-off workers seeking to take advantage of a federal extension for benefits must summit new claims. Congress recently passed legislation signed into law by President Bush that provided a 13-week extension of jobless benefits.
The fluck has clouded the layoffs picture for several weeks. But the government analyst said the refilling requirement is having much less of an effect on the claims numbers than in previous weeks. The more stable four-week moving average of new claims, which smoothes out weekly fluctuation, also fell last week to 435750, the lowest level since the beginning of April. But the number of workers continuing to receive unemployment benefits rose to 3.8 million for the work week ending April 20, evidence that people who are out of work are having trouble finding new jobs.
Economists predict that job growth won't be strong enough in the coming months to prevent the nation's unemployment rate-now at 5.7 percent-from rising. Many economists are forecasting a rise in April's jobless rate to 5.8 percent and estimating that businesses added around 55,000 jobs during the month. The government will release the April employment report on Friday. Even as the economy bounces back from recession, some economists expect the jobless rate will peak to just over 6 percent by June. That is because companies will be reluctant to quickly hire back laid-off workers until they are assured the recovery is here to stay. Given the fledging rebound, many economists expect the Federal Reserve to leave short-term interest rates-now at 40-year lows-unchanged when it meets on May 7．The Fed adjusted interest rates 11 times in a row last year to rescue the economy from recession, which began in May 2001.
The fact that new claims for jobless benefits decreased shows that______.
A．the economy is well on its way to recovery
B．more jobless workers have found new jobs
C．companies have slowed down firing workers
D．unemployment rates fluctuate on a seasonal basis
Too strong？ Not really. As The Economist has recently argued--though in the face of many angry readers--the jobs lost are mainly a cyclical affair, not a structural one. They must also be set against the 24 million new jobs created during the 1990s. Certainly, the slow pace of job-creation today is without precedent, but so were the conditions that conspired to slow a booming economy at the beginning of the decade. A stock market bubble burst, and rampant business investment slumped. Then, when the economy was down, terrorist attacks were followed by a spate of scandals that undermined public trust in the way companies were run. These acted as powerful headwinds and, in the face of them, the last recession was remarkably mild. By the same token, the recovery is mild, too. Still, in the next year or so, today's high productivity growth will start to translate into more jobs. Whether that is in time for Mr. Bush is another matter.
As for outsourcing, it is implausible now, as Lawrence Katz at Harvard University argues, to think that outsourcing has profoundly changed the structure of the American economy over just the past three or four years. After all, outsourcing was in full swing--both in manufacturing and in services--throughout the job-creating 1990s. Government statisticians reckon that outsourced jobs are responsible for well under 1% of those signed up as unemployed. And the jobs lost to outsourcing pale in comparison with the number of jobs lost and created each month at home.
It seems that in the eyes of many Americans their unemployment is caused by ______.
A．the economic recession in November 2001
B．the forecasts of George Bush's economists
C．the flow of job chances into developing countries
D．the rich natural resources in China and India
Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
It is also less than most forecasters had predicated. In late 1994 the pane] of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack. America's capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment—the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation proved so mild？ The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended(颠倒) the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
From the passage we learn that ______.
A．there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates
B．economy will always follow certain models
C．the economic situation is better than expected
D．economists had foreseen the present economic situation
However, as the class of 1993 is so painfully discovering, while a college diploma remains a requisite credential for ascending the economic ladder, it no longer guarantees the good life. Rarely since the end of the Great Depression has the job outlook for college graduates appeared so bleak: of the 1.1 million students who received their baccalaureate degrees last spring, fewer than 20% had lined up full-time employment by commencement. Indeed, an uncertain job market has precipitated a wave of economic fear and trembling among the young. "Many of my classmates are absolutely terrified", says one of the fortunate few who did manage to land a permanent position. "They wonder if they'll ever find a job".
Some of this recession-induced anxiety will dissipate if a recovery finally begins to generate jobs at what economists consider a normal rate. But the sad fact is that for the foreseeable future, college graduates will be in considerable surplus, enabling employers to require a degree even for jobs for which a college education is really unnecessary. According to Kristina Shelley of the Bureau of Labor Statistics—who bases her estimate on a "moderate projection" of current trends—30 percent of college graduates entering the labor force between now and the year 2005 will be unemployed or will find employment in jobs for which they will be overqualified, joining what economists call the "educationally underutilized".
Indeed, it may be quite a while—if ever—before those working temporarily as cocktail waitresses or taxi drivers will be able to pursue their primary career paths. Of course waiting on tables and bustling cab fares are respectable ways to earn a living. But they are not quite what so many young Americans—and their parents—had in mind as the end product of four expensive years in college.
The author tries to convince us that______.
A．the purely economic rationale for college is not as compelling as it once was
B．college education paves the way for future success
C．a college diploma is the prerequisite credential for better jobs
D．higher education faces an unforeseeable future
