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What does the underlined phrase "strengths and weaknesses" mean？
A．Good personality and bad personality.
B．Right and wrong.
C．Good and evil.
D．Strong part and weak part of body.
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The oldest and simplest method, then of describing differences in personality was to classify people according to types, and such a system is called a Typology. A famous example of this method was set forth in Greece about the year 400 BC.A physician named Hippocrates theorized that there were four fluids, or humors, in the body. Corresponding to each humor, he believed, there existed a definite type of personality.
The four humors were blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. If a person had too much blood, he was called sanguine(血红色), or cheerful and optimistic. Someone with too much yellow bile was choleric, or irritable and easily angered. Too much black bile made a person melancholy, or depressed and pessimistic. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to be phlegmatic, or slow and unfeeling. Scientists have long since discarded Hippocrates’ fluid theory. But the names of the humors, corresponding to these temperaments, have survived and are still useful, to some extent, in describing personality.
Other features of people, such as their faces and physics, have also been used to classify personality. Today, however, personality theories and classifications may also include factors such as heredity(遗传特征), the environment, intelligence , and emotional needs. Psychology, biology, and sociology are involved in these theories. Because of the complexity of human personality, present day theories are often very different from one another. Psychologists vary in their ideas about what is most important in determining personality.
36.According to Hippocrates’ fluid theory, a man with too much phlegm will be ____.
A.optimistic B.easily angered C.unexcitable D.pessimistic
37.The main idea of this passage is about ____.
A.the complicated factors in determining one’s personality
B.Hippocrates’ fluid theory and its development
C.the past and today of personality classifications and theories
D.different personalities and their details
38.At present, psychologists ____.
A.have common opinion about personality theories and classifications
B.use biology, archaeology and sociology to study personality theories
C.have abandoned Hippocrates’ fluid theory entirely
D.all agree that human beings are characterized with complex personalities
39.The third paragraph mainly talks about ____.
A.Hippocrates’ fluid theory
B.scientists’ points of view on Hippocrutes’ fluid theory
C.Hippocrates’ fluid theory and its fate
D.defects in Hippocrates’ fluid theory
40.According to this passage the factors which are still NOT used to clas sify personality are ____.
A.one’s born features and needs of love and success
B.one’s height and weight
C.one’s hobbies and ideals
D.the environment and intelligence
Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces, we all take this ability for granted.
We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone' s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone' s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a "nice face" looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a "nice person" ,you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.
There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people' s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing or typing his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.
People have always tried to "type" each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain' s(坏人)or the hero's role. In fact, the words" person" and "personality" come from the Latin persona, meaning "mask". Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.
By using the example of finger prints the author tells us that （）.
A.people can learn to recognize faces
B.people have different personalities
C.people have difficulty in describing the features of finger prints
D.people differ from each other in facial features
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus cannot be gained from society's present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer's epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.
Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modern man, "tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for". There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.
Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of the great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory; but this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform. origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth—a vision about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form. the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolations, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness—in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.
This text is mainly intended to ______.
A．explore certain ways of making for a consensus.
B．spotlight the role of myths in binding a community.
C．interpret the meaning and purpose of modern life.
D．reverse the decline of social standards and values.
Faces, like fingerprints(指纹) , are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people？ Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child—or even an animal, such as a pigeon—can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.
We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone's personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone's personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a "nice face" looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a" nice person" , you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate (考虑 周到的) , friendly, warm, and so forth.
There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon an Ports, an American psychologist, found nearly 18, 000 English words characterizing differences in people's behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types—people are described with such terms.
People have always tried to" type" each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain's (坏人) or the hero 's role. In fact, the words "person" and" personality" come from the Latin persona, meaning " mask " . Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.
The main idea of this passage is ______.
A．how to distinguish people's faces
B．how to describe people's personality
C．how to distinguish people both inward (内向的) and outward (外向的)
D．how to differ good persons from bad persons
Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question: what personal qualities are (1)_____ in a teacher？ Probably no two people would (2)_____ exactly similar lists, but I think the following would be generally (3)_____.
First, the teacher's personality should be pleasantly (4)_____ and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically (5)_____, or even ugly, because many such have great personal (6)_____. But it does rule out such types as the (7)_____, melancholy, frigid, sarcastic, frustrated, and over bearing: I would say too, that it (8)_____ all of dull or purely negative personality.
Secondly, it is not merely desirable (9)_____ essential for a teacher to have a genuine (10)_____ for sympathy—a capacity to tune (11)_____ to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, to the minds and feelings of children. (12)_____ related with this is the capacity to be (13)—not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which (14)_____ people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.
Thirdly, I (15)_____ it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This does not mean being a saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strength and (16)_____, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be (17)_____. There is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a (18)_____ of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to (19)_____ an act—to enliven a lesson, correct a fault, or (20)_____ praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.
A．substantial
B．adorable
C．desirable
D．valuable
If you go to sleep on your back, you're a very open person. You usually believe people and you accept new things or new ideas easily. You don't like to make people sad, so you never express your real feeling. You're quite shy.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you always easily become sad. You usually live for today not tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself. You're shy and don't like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You're easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You're usually careful. You don't often get sad. You always say what you think even if it makes other people unhappy.
When do you show your secret personality？
A．When you are awake.
B．When you fall into deep sleep.
C．The moment you go to sleep.
D．when you lie in bed.
was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs.He was drawing excessively fine distinctions.Of course advertising seeks to persuade.If its message were confined merely to information-and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve，for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.But perhaps that is what the well-know television personality wants.
6.By the first sentence of the passage the author means that().
A.he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising
B.everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming
C.advertising costs money like everything else
D.it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising
7.The phrase“live up to" in Line 3，Paragraph 2 can be replaced by().
A.survive
B.complement
C.agree with
D.carry on
8.In the passage，which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising？()
A.Securing greater fame
B.Providing more jobs
C.Enhancing living standards
D.Reducing newspaper cost.
9.The author deems that the well-known TV personality is ().
A.very precise in passing his judgment on advertising
B.interested in nothing but the buyer‘s attention
C.correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information
D.obviously partial in his views on advertising
10.In the author‘s opinion.()
A.advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information
B.advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over
C.there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer
D.the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement
A person’s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he
wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending
on personality, most have in mind a(n) “(31) ______ home”. But in general, and
especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical (32)
________ of cash and location on achieving that idea.
Cash (33) ________, in fact, often means that the only way of (34) _________
when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things (35) _________
financially. There are obvious (36) ________of living at home—personal laundry
is usually (37) _________ done along with the family wash; meals are provided
and there will be a well-established circle of friends to (38) _________. And
there is (39) _________ the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc.
On the other hand, (40) _________ depends on how a family gets on. Do your
parents like your friends？ You may love your family—(41) _________do you like
them？ Are you prepared to be (42) __________ when your parents ask where you are
going in the evening and what time you expect to be back？ If you find that you
cannot manage a(n) (43) _________, and that you finally have the money to leave,
how do you (44) _________ finding somewhere else to live？
If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are (45)
_________well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always (46)
_________. If you are going to work in a (47) _________ area, again there are
the papers—and the accommodation agencies, (48) _________ these should be
approached with (49) _________. Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually
the (50) ________ of the first week’s rent, if you take accommodation they have
found for you.
31. A. ideal B. perfect C. imaginary D. satisfactory
32. A. deficiencies B. weaknesses C. insufficiencies D. limitations
33. A. cut B. shortage C. lack D. drain
34. A. getting over B. getting in C. getting back D. getting along
35. A. improve B. enhance C. develop D. proceed
36. A. concerns b. issues C. advantages D. problems
37. A. still B. always C. habitually D. consequently
38. A. call in B. call over C. call upon D. call out
39. A. always B. rarely C. little D. sometimes
40. A. little B. enough C. many D. much
A．born
B．native
C．grown
D．planted
