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Most publishing is now "electronic" in the sense that books, magazines and newspapers are

prepared on computers, and exist as computer files before they are printed on paper. Often there are advantages to give readers access to the electronic versions of publications as well as--or even instead of--the printed versions.

Print publications have lots of advantages. Paper is pleasant to handle, easy to read, and very portable: you can read it almost anywhere. On the other hand, print has its weaknesses. Paper is expensive, and articles are often cut to fit the space available, printing and distributing paper is expensive and takes time. Printed materials are expensive to store and almost impossible to search. Electronic publishing offers solutions to all these problems.

Suppose a publisher makes the electronic copy of a newspaper or magazine available from the net, perhaps on the Internets World Wide Web. No paper is used and disc space is cheap, so internet publishing costs very little. Articles don' t have to be cut (though there is of course a limit to the amount people are willing to read on line). Internet publishing is fast, and readers can access material as soon as it becomes available: within minutes, instead of the next day, next week or next month. Internet publishing goes beyond geographical boundaries: the humblest local paper can be read everywhere form. New York to London to Delhi to Tokyo, Delivery costs are low because there are no newsagents to pay, and no postal charges: readers pick up the bills for their on-line sessions, also, computer-based publications are simple to store (on disc) and every word can be, searched electronically.

At the moment, newspapers and magazines, TV and radio stations, news agencies and book publishers are making content freely available on the Web because they are competing for "mind share". Perhaps they want to find out if they can attract and hold an audience on line, or perhaps they are afraid of missing out because "everyone else is doing it." But don' t count on things staying that way. Publishers are not in business to lose money.

What does the author probably foresee?

A.Readers will have more accesses.

B.Books and newspapers will be kept as computer files.

C.It will not make any sense to keep the printed versions.

D.Electronic publications will replace printed ones.

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更多“Most publishing is now "electr…”相关的问题
第1题
请在第____处填上正确选项。A. It could be that we are evolving two communities of social sci

请在第____处填上正确选项。

A. It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs.

B. However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.

C. the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

D. the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.

E. These issues all have root causes in human behavior. . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.

F. Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it withincross-cutting topics of sustainable development .

G. During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.

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第2题
When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible【1】of action open to him: he can
give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea【2】, or patent it.

A【3】patent is the result of a bargain【4】between an inventor and the state, hut the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period【5】.

Only in the most exceptional circumstances【6】the lifespan of a patent【7】to alter this normal process of events.

The longest extension ever【8】was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent's normal life there was no color TV to【9】and thus no hope for reward for the invention.

Because a patent remains permanently【10】after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the【11】office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if【12】than half a century, sometimes even repatent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone【13】to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through【14】patents that the one sure way of violation of any other inventor's right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form【15】invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally【16】to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is【17】on these presumptions of legal security.

Anyone closely【8】in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is theft reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology,【19】makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate【20】the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine ear was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.

(1)

A.work

B.possibility

C.measures

D.courses

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第3题
Desktop publishing is a electronic technology that handles the sending and receiving
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第4题
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hy
potheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.

This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 ave previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.

1._________

[A] selected[B] prepared[C] obliged[D] pleased

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第5题
Advertising is a form. of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who
have tried to (1)_____ others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can (2)_____.

But in the 19th century the mass production of goods (3)_____ the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient. The mass distribution of goods that (4)_____ the development of the highway made person-to-person selling (5)_____ slow and expensive. At the same time, mass communication, first newspapers and magazines, (6)_____ radio and television, made mass selling through (7)_____ possible.

The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best (8)_____ to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action (9)_____ be to purchase a product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, or (10)_____ to join the Army.

Advertising as a (11)_____ developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest (12)_____. In 1980 advertising expenditure in the U.S. exceeded 55 billion dollars, or (13)_____ 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.@2 percent of its gross national product (14)_____ advertising.

(15)_____ advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it (16)_____ benefits for the consumer (17)_____. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far (18)_____ than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising (19)_____ people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising (20)_____ for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers.

A.request

B.oblige

C.affect

D.persuade

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第6题
Advertising is a form. of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who
have tried to persuade others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can perform.

But the mass production of goods resulting from the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century made person-to-person selling less efficient than it previously was for most products. The mass distribution of goods that followed the development of rail and highway systems made person-to-person selling too slow and expensive for almost all companies. At the same time, however, a growth in mass communication occurred first in newspapers and magazines, then radio and television that made mass selling possible. Advertising, then, is merely selling or salesmanship functioning in the paid space or time of various mass communication media.

The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best interests to take an action the advertiser is recommending. The action may be to purchase a product, go to a showroom to try the product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, make a contribution, or even to join the army. Like any personal salesperson, the advertisement tries to persuade. The decision is the prospects.

While advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer as well. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost 5f a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far less than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising also brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising pays for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost publishing magazines and newspapers.

Person to person sale failed to meet the need ______.

A.when the Industrial Revolution started

B.when goods began to be produced in great quantities

C.because trains replaced men in carrying goods around

D.as attention was shifted from distribution to production

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第7题
A.publishingB.grantingC.issuingD.delivering

A.publishing

B.granting

C.issuing

D.delivering

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第8题
An Organization that Supports the Arts Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole purpose of

An Organization that Supports the Arts

Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to "foster, assist and sustain an interest" in literature, music, and art. This it does by enthusiastically handing out money. Annual cash awards are given to deserving artists in various categories of creativity: architecture, musical composition, theater, novels, serious poetry, light verse, painting, sculpture. One award subsidizes a promising American writer' s visit to Rome. There is even an award for a very good work of fiction that failed commercially--once won by the young John Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and, more recently, by Alice Walker for In Love and Trouble.

The awards and prizes are total about 750,000 a year, but most of them range in size from 5,000 to 12,500, a welcome sum to many young practitioners whose work may not bring in that much money in a year. One of the advantages of the awards is that many go to the struggling artists, rather than to those who are already successful. Members of the Academy and Institute are not eligible for any cash prizes. Another advantage is that, unlike the National Endowment for the Arts or similar institutions throughout the world, there is no government money involved.

Awards are made by committee. Each of the three departments----Literature (120 members), Art (83), Music (47)-----has a committee dealing with its own field. Committee membership rotates every year, so that new voices and opinions are constantly heard. The most financially rewarding of all the Academy - Institute awards are the Mildred and Harold Strauss Livings. Harold Strauss, a devoted editor at Alfred A. Knopf, the New York publishing house, and Mildred Strauss, his wife, were wealthy and childless. They left the Academy -Institute a unique bequest: for five consecutive years, two distinguished (and financially needy) writers would receive enough money so they could devote themselves entirely to "prose literature" (no plays, no poetry, and no paying job that might distract). In 1983, the first Strauss Livings of 35,000 a year went to short -story writer Raymond Carver and novelist- essayist Cynthia Ozick. By 1988, the fund had grown enough so that two winners, novelists Diane Johnson and Robert Stone, each got 50,000 a year for five years.

Which of the following can be inferred about Alice Walker' s book In love and Trouble?

A.It sold more copies than The Poorhouse Fair.

B.It described the author' s visit to Rome.

C.It was a commercial success.

D.It was published after The Poorhouse Fair.

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第9题
Which is the best title for the text?A.A Publishing RevolutionB.Amazon, the Largest Online

Which is the best title for the text?

A.A Publishing Revolution

B.Amazon, the Largest Online Retailer

C.Online Books, a Prospering Service

D.Competition between Publishers and Net Companies

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第10题
With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to[A] cover th

With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to

[A] cover the cost of its publication.

[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.

[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.

[D] complete the peer-review before submission.

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