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According to Dr. Herron James, the most effective way of cultivating a critical mind is to give him a comprehensive training in writing.（)
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更多“According to Dr. Herron James,…”相关的问题
In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centers on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends "maintenance" work for people in their thirties. "The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly", he says. "By then, you've wasted 20 great years of your life and allowed things to get out of hand". Dr. Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however, "It seems that someone we don't consider old enough to order a drink shouldn't be considering plastic surgery".
In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous. But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people, Dr. Davies, who claims to "cater for the average person", agrees. He says: "I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, 3, 000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday".
Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. Yet, as one woman who recently paid ￡2,500 for liposuction to remove fat from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery Veteran is a deceptively gentle one. "I had my legs done because they'd been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. Now I don't think there's any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it".
According to the text, the reason for cosmetic surgery is to
A．be physically healthy.
B．look more normal.
C．satisfy appetite.
D．be accepted by media.
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes," it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed lo more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs？
A．Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.
B．Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.
C．Woman are more experienced than men in coping with stress.
D．Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.
According to the text, Dr. Singer\'s attitude to male revenge impulse is ________.
A. sympathetic
B. detached
C. positive
D. negative
According to Dr. Marcie Schneider and Erica Leon ______.
A．it is too bad for youngsters to be a bit fat
B．it is necessary for the children to be a bit fat
C．youngsters should struggle with their body image
D．overweight children should not diet
Which of the following is true according to the text？
A．In his paper, Dr. Arien proves that HIV is weakening in Europe and Africa.
B．Two kinds of blood samples are placed in two different cell cultures to be observed.
C．Dr. Arien has made the cause of attenuation of virus clear.
D．There are 3/4 of the viruses in Dr. Arien's study proving to be less harmful.
According to the third paragraph, Dr. Davies implies that_____.
［A］ cosmetic surgery, though costly, is worth having
［B］ cosmetic surgery is too expensive
［C］ cosmetic surgery is necessary even for the average person
［D］ cosmetic surgery is mainly for the rich and famous
According to Dr. Alberti, our organization is constructed to ______.
A．get people to trust their own solutions to problems
B．keep people as knowledgeable as their "superiors"
C．train people's capacity to speak up for their rights
D．make things more favorable for "superiors"
In many ways, this fixation on weight at ever earlier ages comes at an inopportune time physiologically. At a recent Hadassah meeting at the Woodlands Community Temple in White Plains, Dr. Maxcie Schneider, the director of adolescent medicine at Greenwich Hospital, and Erica Leon, a registered dietitian, spoke about early adolescence as a time when a little bit of pudginess is necessary for proper growth, and youngsters wrestle constantly with their body image.
"I can't tell you how many kids I've seen who've been on the Atkins diet, or on the South Beach diet," Ms. Leon said, adding that overweight children who try diets can be at risk of developing eating disorders.
After the presentation, three mothers from Hartsdale who wanted to help their children avoid such issues spoke about how their young daughters are already beginning to become weight-conscious.
Anorexia is a mental illness in which the victim eats barely enough to survive, because her distorted thinking makes her think she is fat. Bulimia, a mental illness in which someone binges on large amounts of food, then purges it through vomiting or the abuse of laxatives, is on the rise, and is surfacing in younger and younger patients, mostly girls, said Judy Scheel, the director of the Center for Eating Disorder Recovery in Mount Kisco.
About 90 percent of victims of eating disorders are female, and often the male victims are on teams like wrestling and crew, where they must keep their weight low for competitive reasons. Dr. Scheel believes that where girls claim the eating disorder enables them to be thin, boys typically state their goal is to achieve or maintain a muscular but thin physique. The average onset for bulimia used to be 17, but to see teenagers age 14 and 15 with bulimia is common these days, Dr. Scheel said.
Other people believe the disorders have genetic or chemical components, and many people with eating disorders respond well to anti-depressants, for example.
"A certain amount of education is necessary to help young people avoid becoming obsessed with their body image. Teachers need to stay outside of talking about diets," Dr. Scheel said. "It's like a parent, always talking about their next diet. You have to help a child understand that if you cat healthily and exercise, your body is going to take care of itself."
And in relatively homogenous populations, like in some Westchester schools, competition runs high. "So the young people don't really see how beautiful diversity is," she said, "and they tend to all be competing for kind of the same goals."
The studies cited by the National Eating Disorders Association is based on______.
A．primary school girls
B．secondary school girls
C．girls in college and universities
D．American females in general
According to Dr. Liu's paper, the dwindling of biodiversity is due to
A．the reduction in average home size.
B．the improvement of living conditions.
C．the increasing number of residences.
D．the decline of population growth rate.
