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Text 3 The first big-name hackers include Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds, al

l now highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know how it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what they were designed to do. Back then, the word "hacker" didn't have the negative connotation it has today. The original hacker ethic, rooted out of simple curiosity and a need to be challenged, appears to be dead.

The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of today's hacker. The motivation of the new breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity, or a hunger for knowledge, as it used to be. Instead, most of today's hackers are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent, treating hacking as a game or sport, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet.

The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the Internet. This means that something besides the growth of the Internet is driving the rise in security attacks. Here are some realities you should know about: Operating systems and applications will never be secure. New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day. And even if you ever do get one operating system secure, there will be new operating systems with new vulnerabilities—phones, wireless devices, and network appliances. Employees will never keep up with security polices and awareness. It doesn't matter how much you train and educate your employees. If your employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable email attachments, how are you going to educate them about properly configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs？ Managers have more responsibility than ever. And on top of the realities listed above. security managers are being asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access.

There are some good security measures you can take: Employ a layer 7, full-inspection firewall. Automatically update your anti-virus at the gateway, server and client. Keep all of your systems and applications updated. Hackers commonly break into a Web site through known security holes, so make sure your servers and applications are patched and up to date. Turn off unnecessary network services. Eliminate all unneeded programs. Scan network for common backdoor services—Use intrusion detection systems, vulnerability scans, antivirus protection.

第31题：Which of the following statements of Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds is TRUE？

[A] They are all good examples of today's computer users.

[B] They are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent.

[C] Their goal is to push programs beyond what they are designed to do.

[D] They are all dead.

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更多“Text 3 The first big-name hack…”相关的问题
第1题
Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segm

Part C

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do—roughly 2 percent of all C02 emissions？

Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0. 2 and 7. 0 grams of C02, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of C02, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.

However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.

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第2题
"This is a really exciting time—a new era is starting,"says Peter Bazalgette, the chief cr

"This is a really exciting time—a new era is starting," says Peter Bazalgette, the chief creative officer of Endemol, the television company behind "Big Brother" and other popular shows. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile- network operators. And he is far from alone in his enthusiasm.

Already, many mobile operators offer a selection of television channels or individual shows, which are " streamed" across their third-generation (3G) networks. In South Korea, television is also sent to mobile phones via satellite and terrestrial broadcast networks, which is far more efficient than sending video across mobile networks; similar broadcasts will begin in Japan in April. In Europe, the Italian arm of 3, a mobile operator, recently acquired Canale 7, a television channel, with a view to launching mobile-TV broadcasts in Italy in the second half of 2006. Similar mobile-TV networks will also be built in Finland and America, and are being tested in many other countries.

Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including "Lost", "Desperate Housewives" and "Law & Order". TiVo, maker of the pioneering personal video recorder (PVR), says it plans to enable subscribers to download recorded shows on to iPods and other portable devices for viewing on the move. And mobile TV was one of the big trends at the world's largest technology fair, the Consumer Electronics Show, which took place in Las Vegas this week.

Despite all this activity, however, the prospects for mobile TV are unclear. For a start, nobody really knows if consumers will pay for it, though surveys suggest they like the idea. Informa, a consultancy, says there will be 125 million mobile-TV users by 2010. But many other mobile technologies inspired high hopes and then failed to live up to expectations. And even if people do want TV on the move, there is further uncertainty in three areas: technology, business models and the content itself.

The word "nascent" in the first paragraph of the text most probably means______.

A．distinctive

B．statutory

C．naive

D．emerging

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第3题
Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Like the look of our website？ Whatever the answer, the chances are you made your mind up within the first twentieth of a second. A study by researchers in Canada has shown that the snap decisions Internet users make about the quality of a web page have a lasting impact on their opinions.

We all know that first impressions count, but this study shows that the brain can make flash judgments almost as fast as the eye can take in the information. "My colleagues believed it would be impossible to really see anything in less than 500 milliseconds", says Gitte Lindgaard of Carleton University in Ottawa. Instead they found that impressions were made in the first 50 milliseconds of viewing.

Lindgaard and her team presented volunteers with the briefest glimpses of web pages previously rated as being either easy on the eye or particularly unpleasant, and asked them to rate the websites on a sliding scale of visual appeal. Even though the images flashed up for just 50 milliseconds, roughly the duration of a single frame. of standard television shot, their decisions tallied well with judgments made after a longer period of examination.

In the crowded and competitive world of the web, companies hoping to make millions from e-commerce should take notice". Unless the first impression is favorable, visitors will be out of your site before they even know that you might be offering more than your competitors", Lindgaard warns.

For a typical commercial website, 60% of traffic comes from search engines such as Google. This makes a user's first impression even more critical. The lasting effect of first impressions is known to psychologists as the "halo effect": if you can snare people with an attractive design, they are more likely to overlook other minor faults with the site, and may rate its actual content more favorably.

This is because of "cognitive bias". People enjoy being right, so continuing to use a website that gave a good first impression helps to "prove" to themselves that they made a good initial decision. "It's awfully scary stuff, but the tendency to jump to conclusions is far more widespread than we realize".

These days, enlightened web users want to see a "puritan" approach. It's about getting information across in the quickest, simplest way possible. For this reason, many commercial websites now follow a fairly regular set of rules. For example, westerners tend to look at the top-left corner of a page first, so that's where the company logo should go. And most users also expect to see a search function in the top right.

Of course, the other golden rule is to make sure that your web pages load quickly, otherwise your customers might not stick around long enough to make that coveted first impression. "That can be the difference between big business and no business".

The study in the text has shown that the first impression of a website is ______

A．made within a period when the eyes even cannot really catch anything.

B．not possible to be created in less than half a second.

C．able to be made in 1/20 of a second.

D．usually related to the articles of the website.

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第4题
Which of the following can be a disadvantage of U.S. "Big Steel" as pointed out in the tex
t？

A．Lower efficiency.

B．Lack of protection.

C．Corporate structures.

D．Lobbyist addiction.

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第5题
Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Retailers are looking at bigger sales numbers for digital television sets this Christmas sea son, boosting the spirits of federal regulators and the industry. Government and industry analysts alike have worried that this nation of TV viewers is shifting its gaze too slowly to digital from old-fashioned analog sets.

Yet almost 7 million digital television, or DTV, sets will be sold this year, according to the Consumer Electronics Association, a trade group for manufacturers and retailers. Roughly 3 million of these sets will be sold during the last three months of the year.

Independent groups also predict a big sales spike.

Homes in the United States will have 12.1 million high-definition or HDTV sets—the most sophisticated form. of DTV sets—by the end of the year, compared with 7 million at the end of 2003, according to the Yankee Group, a Boston technology research outfit.

HDTVs have accounted for the vast majority of about 13 million digital televisions sold since the fall of 1998.

"The numbers are very encouraging. We believe consumers are embracing this technology," says Jenny Miller, the Consumer Electronics Association's spokeswoman.

A boost in sales of digital televisions will be welcome news for major retailers anxiously watching the Christmas shopping season that began yesterday. Many national retailers lured customers into their stores with extra-early hours and deep discounts.

DTV sets still sell behind traditional analog sets. Almost 22 million analog sets are expected to be sold this year, outpacing even the rosiest predictions for DTV sales.

Until recently, consumers who wanted to buy DTV experienced sticker shock. When the sets first reached the market in the late 1990s, they cost several thousand dollars, turning off many consumers.

Now, prices for basic DTV sets generally start at about $500. HDTV sets offer the best-quality picture and sound and can cost as much as $15,000, according to Consumer Reports, published by the nonprofit Consumers Union advocacy group.

"You're talking about a couple of hundred dollars at the very least, unless you go for a flat panel or plasma screen, in which case you're talking thousands of dollars," says Aditya Kishore, senior analyst for the Yankee Group.

In addition to falling prices, analysts credit the sales boost for DTV to an increase in the number of programs broadcast in digitally compatible "high definition" as well as a government-led consumer education campaign.

From the beginning of the text, we can learn that

A．the country has popularly accepted digital TVs.

B．the retailers have a bad sale of DTVs except Christmas.

C．the viewers still pay more money on old-fashioned TV sets.

D．the government and industry are upset by the present market situation of DTVs.

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第6题
Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Europe is desperate to succeed in business. Two years ago, the European Union's Lisbon summit set a goal of becoming the world's leading economy by 2010. But success, as any new-age executive coach might tell you, requires confronting the fear of failure. That is why Europe's approach to bankruptcy urgently needs reform.

In Europe, as in the United States, many heavily indebted companies are shutting up shop just as the economy begins to recover. Ironically, the upturn is often the moment when weak firms finally fail. But America's failures have a big advantage over Europe's weaklings: their country's more relaxed approach to bankruptcy.

In the United States the Chapter 11 law makes going bust an orderly and even routine process. Firms in trouble simply apply for breathing space from creditors. Managers submit a plan of reorganization to a judge, and creditors decide whether to give it a go or to come up with one of their own. Creditors have a say in whether to keep the firm running, or to liquidate it. If they keep it running, they often end up with a big chunk of equity, if not outright control.

But shutting a bust European company is harder in two other ways. First, with no equivalent of Chapter 11, bankruptcy forces companies to stop trading abruptly. That damages the value of the creditors' potential assets, and may also cause havoc for customers. Second, a company that trades across the European Union will find that it has to abide by different bankruptcy laws in the 15 member states, whose courts and administrators may make conflicting and sometimes incompatible stipulations.

The absence of provision for negotiations between companies and creditors increases the temptation for government to step in. When governments do not come to the rescue, the lack of clear rules can lead to chaos. As a result of all this, Europe's teetering firms miss the chance to become more competitive by selling assets to others who might manage them more efficiently. Their sickly American rivals survive, transformed, to sweep the field.

An opportunity now exists to think again about Europe's approach to bankruptcy. The European Union is expected to issue a new directive on the subject in May. Germany has begun to update its insolvency law. And last year Britain produced a white paper saying that a rigid approach to bankruptcy could stifle the growth needed to meet Lisbon's goals.

One of goals set by the European Union's Lisbon summit is

A．to strive for the lead in the world's economy.

B．to subject more companies to bankruptcy.

C．to revise an approach to bankrupt stipulations.

D．to have advantage over American firms.

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第7题
Maria Mitchell（1818-1889,the first woman astronomer（天文学家)in the United States, was b

Maria Mitchell(1818-1889,the first woman astronomer(天文学家)in the United States, was born in Nantucket. Massachusetts. Her parents valued education and insisted on giving her the same quality of education that boys received.

Her father. William Mitchell, was an astronomer and teacher himself. When he built his own school, Maria became a student and also a teaching assistant to him. At home. Marias father taught her to watch the stars and other natural objects in space using his personal telescope(望远镜).

Later she went to work at the library of the Nantucket Atheneum. Over the next tweny years. she further developed her interest in reading as many books as she could.She spent her nights watching the sky closely with her father.

On October 1, 1847,Maria discovered a comet(彗星 )by merely using a two-inch telescope. Some years before, King Frederick VI of Denmark had set up prizes to each discover of a"telescopic comet". The prize was to be given to the"first discoverer"of each such comet because comets were often discovered by more than one person.

There was once a question of who should be the winner. As the story goes, francesco de Vico had discovered the same comet two days later, but had reported it to the European vor. She won the prize in 1848 and became a big name the world over. The comet was named“ Miss mitchell&39;s Comet.”

What ean be learnt about Marias parents according to the text？

A.They came from low-income families.

B.They gave Maria equal chance for education

C.They were both astronomers

D.They were both teachers.

When did Franeeseo de Vico discover the comet？A.In1818

B.In1889

C.In1848

D.In1847

What problem did Maria meet with in winning the prize？A.She named the comet on her own

B.She did not use the required telescope.

C.She did not report her discovery in time

D.She discovered the comet with her father

Whe played the most important role in Maria's great achievement？A.King FrederickⅥ

B.Francesco de Vico

C.Her father

D.Her mother

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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第8题
The first big, important step for an aspiring reporter is ______.A. editing his high s

The first big, important step for an aspiring reporter is ______.

A. editing his high school newspaper

B. writing a small news story

C. becoming a cub reporter

D. becoming a copyboy

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第9题
Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Several years ago, at the height of the dotcom boom, it was widely assumed that a publishing revolution, in which the printed word would be supplanted by the computer screen, was just around the corner. It wasn't: for many, there is still little to match the joy of reading a printed book and settling down for one hour. But recently some big technology companies, including Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Yahoo, contend that the dream of bringing books online is still very much alive.

The digitizing of thousands of volumes of print is not without controversy. On Thursday, Google, the world' s most popular search engine, posted a first installment of books on Google Print. This collaborative effort between Google and several world's leading research libraries aims to make books available to be searched and read online free of charge. Although the books included so far are not covered by copyright, the plan has attracted the rage of publishers.

Five large book firms are suing Google for violating copyright on material that it has scanned and, although out of print, is still protected by law. Google has said that it will only publish short extracts from material under copyright unless given express permission to publish more, but publishers are unconvinced. Ironically, many publishers are collaborating with Google Print Publisher, which aims to give readers an online taste of books that are commercially available. The searchable collection of extracts and book information is intended to tempt readers to buy the complete books online or in print form.

Amazon, the world's largest online retailer, has made plans to enter the mass e-book market by selling a vast array of goods. Given that Google should impinge upon its central territory, Amazon revealed that it would introduce two new services. Amazon Pages will allow customers to search for key terms in selected books and then buy and read online whatever part they wish. Amazon Upgrade will give customers online access to books they have already purchased as hard copies. Customers are likely to have to pay five cents a page, with the bulk going to the publisher.

Microsoft has also joined the online-book trend. In October, the software giant said it would spend around $ 200 million to digitize texts, starting with I50,000 that are in the public domain, to avoid legal problems. It will do so in collaboration with the Open Content Alliance. And on Thursday, coincidentally the same day as Google and Amazon announced their initiatives, Microsoft released details of a deal with the British Library, the country's main reference library, to digitize some 25 million pages ; these will be made available through MSN Book Search, which will be launched next year.

What is the text talking about？

A．The goods of Google.

B．The differences between books printed and books online.

C．Some big technology companies bring plans on the e-books.

D．The publishers don't agree with the e-books plan.

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第10题
In order to understand a text well, it is absolutely necessary to understand every wo
rd in the first place.()

参考答案：错误

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第11题
Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？A．The achievement of Lisbon's goals w

Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？

A．The achievement of Lisbon's goals would precede the elimination of chaos.

B．The best way to help European firms may be to make it easier for them to fail.

C．It is high time that the rigid bankruptcy laws in the U.S. were radically changed.

D．Shutting a weak American company means ending up with a big chunk of assets.

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