题目内容
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Jeans were not popular in some countries for ______ reasons.
A．economic
B．political
C．cultural
D．religious
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The first Jeans were made in 1850, in the California gold rush. A man named Levi Strauss realized that the gold-diggers' normal trousers weren't strong enough for the work they had to do and were wearing Out quickly. Strauss had some strong canvas, which he was going to make into tents and wagon covers to sell to the workers. Instead, he made some trousers out of it and these became the first Jeans. They were brown and called the waist-high overall.
The trousers sold well, and Strauss began looking around for ways of making them even tougher. He found a material that was better than canvas—a durable cotton that was manufactured only in the south of France. In a town called Nimes, the material was denim—the name coming from the French for from "Nimes". Strauss ordered boat loads of this material and, to keep the colour consistent, had it all dyed indigo blue. The trousers became known as blue denims or blue jeans (the Word jean is thought to come from Genoa. Italian sailors from the port of Genoa wore trousers similar to jeans, on the big trading ships).
In the early days cowboys, farmers, miners and timber Jacks—all people associated with hard work—wore jeans. But there were a few design problems with the early styles—as cowboys discovered to their cost. When they crouched too close to the camp fire, the rivet (the metal button strengthening the jeans at the bottom of the fly) got too hot and became very uncomfortable. Levi didn't take much notice of the cowboys complaints until the 1940s, when a company official crouched too close to a camp fire and experienced the problem first-hand. The crotch rivet was soon removed.
In the fifties and sixties, jeans represented rebellion. Film stars like James Dean, Elvis Presley and Marilyn Monroe wore them, as did pop stars like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones.
Fashions changed in the seventies and jeans became flared—tight at the hip and wide at the bottom. They were very, very tight—if you could get the zip up while standing up, they weren't tight enough. You had to lie down on the bed to do them up; for a really skin-tight fit, people would lie in a bath in their jeans and wait for them to shrink!
As the trousers became more and more successful, other jeans manufacturers started up—such as Wrengler, Pepe and Lee.
But jeans have had their opponents, in some countries—such as the old Soviet Union—jeans became a prized status symbol of the West. They suggested that a Soviet citizen had either traveled abroad or had contacts in the West. So the authorities discouraged the wearing of jeans. And in Japan, a consumers' association adamantly refused to sell one manufacturer's fashionable ripped jeans because it felt these were interior and defective product!
Which of the following statements is NOT true according the passage？
A．The first jeans were wearing out quickly.
B．The first jeans were made out of canvas by Strauss.
C．The first jeans were made over a hundred years ago.
D．The first jeans were brown instead of blue.
A.The Renaissance period witnessed an extreme emphasis on gender differentiation in clothin
B.The earliest jeans were not blue but brown.
C.Formal dress code emphasizes comfort and personal expression.
D.Originally, tailcoat was created for the equestrians to ride conveniently.
【C1】
A．against
B．to
C．for
D．on
Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands—which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice. Consumer groups and Tesco say that Levi's case is specious. The supermarket argues that it was just arbitraging the price differential between Levi's jeans sold in America and Europe—a service performed a million times a day in financial markets, and one that has led to real benefits for consumers. Tesco has been selling some 15,000 pairs of Levi's jeans a week, for about half the price they command in specialist stores approved by Levi Strauss. Christine Cross, Tesco's head of global non-food sourcing, says the ruling risks "creating a Fortress Europe with a vengeance".
The debate will rage on, and has implications well beyond casual clothes (Levi Strauss was joined in its lawsuit by Zino Davidoff, a perfume maker). The question at its heart is not whether brands need to control how they are sold to protect their image, but whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this. Gucci, an Italian clothes label whose image was being destroyed by loose licensing and over-exposure in discount stores, saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third-party suppliers, controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere.
Brand experts argue that Levi Strauss, which has been losing market share to hipper rivals such as Diesel, is no longer strong enough to command premium prices. Left to market forces, so-so brands such as Levi's might well fade away and be replaced by fresher labels. With the courts protecting its prices, Levi Strauss may hang on for longer. But no court can help to make it a great brand again.
Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 1？
A．Consumers and free traders were very angry.
B．Only the Levi's maker can decide the prices of the jeans.
C．The ruling has protected Levi's from price dumping.
D．Levi's jeans should be sold at a high price.
The frugality phenomenon first achieved prominence as a middle-class (6)_____ of high consumption lifestyle. in the industrial world during the 50's and 60's. In the Silent Revolution, Ronald Inglehart of the University of Michingan's Institute of Social Research examined this (7)_____ in the United States and 10 Western European nations. He concluded that a change has taken place "from an (8)_____ emphasis on material well-being and physical security (9)_____ greater emphasis on the quality of life", that is, "a (10)_____ from materialism to postmaterialism".
Inglehart calls the 60s the "fat year". Among their more visible trappings were the ragged blue jeans favored by the affluent young. Most of them (11)_____ from materialism; however, this was (12)_____ Comfortably fixed Americans were going (13)_____, (14)_____ making things last longer, sharing things with others, learning to do things for themselves and so on. But (15)_____ economically significant, it was hardly (16)_____ in a US Gross National Product climbing vigorously toward the $2 thousand billion mark (17)_____, as the frugality phenomenon matured—growing out of the soaring 80s and into the somber 90s—it seemed to undergo a (18)_____ transformation. American consumers continued to lose (19)_____ in materialism and were being joined by new converts who were (20)_____ frugality because of the darkening economic skies they saw ahead.
A．question
B．problem
C．issue
D．dilemma
In the seventies, people would lie in a bath to ______.
A．take a bath with their jeans on
B．make the jeans more comfortable
C．make the jeans more fashionable
D．make the jeans smaller for a tiny skin tight fit
According to the passage, the blue jeans' popularity was caused by ______.
A．nineteenth-century laborers
B．American film and media
C．the unfolding of popular culture
D．the imaginations of city folk
The fashionable rich would not wear blue jeans because ______.
A．they had no romantic imagination
B．they did not bother to labor and sweat
C．they would not risk losing their identity
D．they had the stern top hat
A.lie in keeping
B.lies in keeping
C.lay in keeping
D.lay at keeping
The best title for the passage may be ______.
A．The Origin of the Blue Jeans
B．Jeans: A Fashion Revolution
C．Jeans: from Low Beginnings to High Popularity
D．The Evolution of a Traditional Costume
