热电厂中有一内径为0.2m的过热蒸汽管道,钢管壁厚8mm,钢材的导热系数λ1=45W/(m.K),管外包
有厚度δ=0.12m的保温层,保温材料的导热系数为λ2=0.1W/(m.K),管内壁面温度为tw1=300℃,保温层外壁面温度为tw3=50℃。试求单位管长的散热损失(不考虑辐射换热)。
有厚度δ=0.12m的保温层,保温材料的导热系数为λ2=0.1W/(m.K),管内壁面温度为tw1=300℃,保温层外壁面温度为tw3=50℃。试求单位管长的散热损失(不考虑辐射换热)。
A.WS大于Wid
B.WS小于Wid
C.WS等于Wid
D.WS和Wid一没有关系
汽再在由燃烧天然气提供能量的过热器内过热。进入汽轮机的蒸汽参数为5MPa、600℃,抽汽压力0.4MPa,冷凝器工作压力7.5kPa,试求输出净功率为1MW时,换热器内金属钠的传热率和过热器内的传热率及循环热效率。
计算某电厂超临界压力600MW锅炉机组的汽一汽热交换器(Steamand Steam Heat Exchanger,SSHE)法相关参数。已知条件列于下列表中。
设计值(来自热力计算汇总表以及锅炉产品说明书)
再热蒸汽流量 | 再热器进口压力 | 再热器出口压力 | 再热器进口温度 | 再热器出口温度 |
BRL | BRL | BRL | BRL | BRL |
D2(t/h) | p21(MPa) | p22(MPa) | t21(℃) | t22(℃) |
1484 | 4.21 | 4.04 | 306 | 569 |
水冷壁流量 | 水冷壁进口压力 | 水冷壁出口压力 | 水冷壁进口温度 | 水冷壁出口温度 |
BRL | BRL | BRL | BRL | BRL |
L'1(t/h) | p11(MPa) | P12(MPa) | t11(℃) | t12(℃) |
1713.6 | 29.25(估计) | 28.9(估计) | 315.31(估计) | 410(估计) |
假设再热汽温偏低△t2=22.8℃,查阅水蒸气热力性质图表,得到下表。
中间数据
SSHE 再热蒸汽进口焓 | 再热器出口蒸汽 焓(设计) | 再热器出口蒸汽 焓(实际) | 再热器出口蒸汽 焓差 | SSHE 再热蒸汽出口焓 |
BRL | BRL | BRL | BRL | BRL |
h21(kJ/kg) | H220(kJ/kg) | H221(kJ/kg) | △H22(kJ/kg) | h22(kJ/kg) |
2971.51 | 3603.37 | 3551.14 | 52.23 | 3023.74 |
假设锅炉的中间点温度为420℃,汽汽热交换器的过热蒸汽入口温度为418℃,过热蒸汽出口温度为390℃,得到下表。
SSHE 参数
SSHE再热蒸汽出口温度 | SSHE过热蒸汽出口焓 | SSHE过热蒸汽入口焓 |
BRL | BRL | BRL |
t22(kJ/kg) | h12(kJ/kg) | h11(kJ/kg) |
325.06 | 1985.30 | 2583.8 |
根据气力输送的特点,降低动力消耗,节约能源是一个重要的研究课题,从经验中知,管道内径是关于能耗的重要参数。直观上看,当输送量一定时,管径过小,输送易阻滞,管径过大,虽输送畅通,但又造成能量的浪费。根据经验,把管径分成三组,各组的试验结果如下表所示,试用方差分析法比较各组的效果.
管径(mm) | 单位功耗 |
230 | 0.0308,0.0476,0.0504 |
250~260 | 0.0532,0.032,0.0218,0.028,0.028, 0.042,0.0336,0.042,0.042,0.028 |
280~320 | 0.07,0.07,0.0644,0.0312,0.0756,0.0756, 0.07,0.0588,0.0588,0.042,0.0308,0.0364, 0.0448,0.21,0.154,0.1064,0.1288,0.112, 0.1064,0.1288,0.0756,0.0644,0.0504,0.0644, 0.0504,0.0308 |