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Many Native Americans closely resemble Asians. This has led most scientists to （1) believe somet

Many Native Americans closely resemble Asians. This has led most scientists to(1)believe something about Native Americans. They think that most Native Americans(2)from a distant group of people. These people(3)from Siberia across the Bering Strait, between 17,000-11,000 years ago. The exact time and 4 is still under question. That is, it is still a(n)(5)of debate. The time they traveled and the route they took is still being argued, as is whether it happened(6).

(7)recently, some anthropologists (人类学家) argued that the migration occurred 12,000 years ago. However, there are a number of difficulties with this theory —(8)particular, the presence of people in the Americas earlier than one might think. There is growing evidence of human(9)in Brazil and Chile 11,500 years ago or earlier. There is also(10)of humans living in the Americas some 50,000 years ago.(11), other possibilities have been suggested.

They may have(12)the land bridge several thousand years earlier or they may have sailed along the western coast. However, some(13)this theory. They think that humans(14)skills for sailing during that era.

Some consider the genetic and cultural evidence for an Asian origin overwhelming. It should be noted,(15), that some other people are very upset at this idea. Many present-day Native Americans(16)the above theories. They say those who put forward such theories have political(17)They have their own traditional stories that offer(18)of where they came from. Their own stories claim that their(19)are different from what scientists say. Those accounts, though, have mostly been(20)by scholars. Therefore, the origin of Americans still remains a mystery to be explored.

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更多“Many Native Americans closely …”相关的问题

第1题

Would you eat a bacon, lettuce and love apple sandwich？ You probably have eaten many of th

em. Love apple was the name used many years ago for the tomato.

The tomato is originally an American plant. It was found in South America by early Spanish explorers. The word tomato comes from the native Nahuatl word tomatl. But when it moved north, the plant earned a different name. Remarkably, the settlers in North America thought it was poisonous. They believed that to eat it was surely to die. It was said that deserted suitors would threaten to eat a tomato to cause their coldhearted lovers-regret. Because of this legend, the settlers called the tomato a "love apple." While people enjoyed other native plants such as corn and sweet potatoes, everyone avoided the tomato.

No one knows who first dared to eat a tomato. Perhaps someone was brave enough, or lovesick enough, to try out the truth of the rumors. Of course, whoever ate this fruit was perfectly safe. No one died from eating a love apple. Still, it was many years before the people fully believed that the tomato was a safe, and even good food. But its use did become common, and the plant was sent across the ocean to become part of many traditional European dishes.

The language from which we derived the word tomato is______.

A．Portuguese

B．Spanish

C．Nahuati

D．European

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第2题

Is the United States a melting pot？ In other words, have immigrants to the USA merged with

the native Americans and (1)_____ to be Germans, Japanese, Poles, Irish, etc？ It has been (2)_____ a "pot of stew" might be a more suitable word than "melting pot", (3)_____ in a stew the meat and vegetables keep their own characteristics, but (4)_____ to the spices and the (5)_____ it is cooked, the stew has a distinctive flavor of its own. The implications of "melting pot" (6)_____ American social workers and language teachers, many of (7)_____ feel that racial and national groups should be encouraged to (8)_____ their customs, traditions and languages. At the same time it is agreed that all Americans, (9)_____ their origins, must learn to speak English clearly and fluently, and they must learn to (10)_____ themselves to the American way of life.

However, there are ethnic groups who still (11)_____ together, who speak their own languages and have preserved many of their old customs. There are Hispanic (12)_____, e.g. Mexicans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, most of whom still speak Spanish as their (13)_____ language. There are the American Indians and (14)_____ Asian groups, all of whom speak their own languages. Then there are the 20 million blacks, who, (15)_____ they speak English, for the most part live separately. Many blacks are beginning to (16)_____ their roots right back to the African tribes (17)_____ which their ancestors were torn in the days of slavery and some of them are (18)_____ themselves more and more with Africa. Some black leaders (19)_____, reminding them that their culture and their language are not African. They are American. But many blacks are (20)_____ bitter against white culture to feel American.

A．ceased

B．stopped

C．paused

D．halted

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第3题

听力原文：Ask the average American,"What is freedom？"You will probably hear,"It's being abl

听力原文： Ask the average American,"What is freedom？"You will probably hear,"It's being able to do what I want to do." When Americans think of freedom, they often think of individualism.They see themselves more as individuals than as members of a family or social group.

In American culture.freedom means equality.The Declaration of Independence states that"all men are created equal."That does not mean equal in abilities or status.For Americans,equality refers to equal worth and equal opportunity. Every individual should have an equal chance to improve his life.True,America has not always lived up to that ideal.For many years,Native Americans,African Americans and immigrants have protested their unequal treatment. But American culture still teaches that people can work hard and fulfill their dreams.Whether this idea is true or not,people hear rags-to-riches stories often enough to confirm it in the minds of many people.

Freedom arouses strong feelings for Americans.The idea of liberty binds people together in this"land of the free." However,problems still exist.One individual's freedom can conflict with the rights of others. Someone once said,"You have the freedom to swing your fist around if you want.But your freedom ends where my nose begins."People can also become too concerned about their own rights.They might demand special treatment.However,the path to freedom is not completely smooth.Even so,for Americans,no other road is really worth traveling.

What do Americans often think of when thinking of freedom？

A．Collectivism.

B．Equality.

C．Social group.

D．Individualism.

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第4题

All Americans are at least vaguely【C1】______ with the plight of the American Indian. Cutba

cks in federal programs for Indians have made their problems【C2】______ more severe in recent years. Josephy reports," 【C3】______ 1981 it was estimated that cutbacks in federal programs for Indians totaled about $ 500 million" or more than ten times the cuts affecting their【C4】______ fellow Americans. Additional cuts seem to be threatened in the future. This reduced funding is affecting almost all【C5】______ of reservation life,【C6】______ education. If the Indians could【C7】______ their【C8】______ problems, solutions to many of their other problems might not-be far behind. In this paper the current status of Indian education will be described and【C9】______ and some ways of improving this education will be proposed.

Whether to【C10】______ with the dominant American culture or to【C11】______ Indian culture has been a longstanding issue in Indian education. After the Civil War full responsibility for Indian education was turned over by the government to churches and missionary groups. The next fifty years became a period of【C12】______ assimilation in all areas of Indian culture, but especially in religion and education .

John Collier, a reformer who agitated【C13】______ Indians and their culture【C14】______ the early 1920s until his death in 1968, had a different idea. He believed that instead of effacing native culture, Indian schools should encourage and【C15】______ it.

Pressure to assimilate remains a potent force today,【C16】______ More and more Indians are graduating from high school and college and becoming【C17】______ for jobs in the non-Indian society. "When Indians obtain the requisite skills, many of them enter the broader American society and succeed." 【C18】______ approximately 90 percent of all Indian children are educated in state public school systems. How well these children compete with the members of the dominant society,【C19】 ______ , is another【C20】______ .

【C1】

A．agreeable

B．regardless

C．familiar

D．sympathetic

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第5题

Today the native American Indians make up less than I percent of the（)in US.

A.popularity

B.poverty

C.property

D.population

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第6题

Although the colonists ______ to some extent with the native Americans, the Indians' influ

ence on American culture and language was not extensive.

A．migrated

B．matched

C．mingled

D．melted

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第7题

The Wigwam Motel , Arizona_______of Native American tents.A. is makingB. is madeC. were

A.A. is making

B.B. is made

C.C. were made

D.D. has been made

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第8题

It can be inferred from the text about the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay that

they

A．could scarcely ward off the fatal attack by the 1952 epidemic.

B．were immunologically defenseless against measles.

C．were the last native people to be struck by a virgin-soil epidemic;

D．did not come into frequent contact with White Americans until the 20th century.

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第9题

The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well stud

ied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.

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第10题

The term "nationalism" is generally used to describe two phenomena: （1)the members of a na

The term "nationalism" is generally used to describe two phenomena: (1)the members of a nation care about their national identity and(2) that the members of a nation seek to achieve (or sustain) self-determination.

It is traditional, therefore, to distinguish nations from states—whereas a nation often consists of an ethnic or cultural community, a state is a political entity with a high degree of sovereignty. While many states are nations in some sense, there are many nations which are not fully sovereign states. As an example, the Native American Iroquois constitute a nation but not a state, since they do not possess the requisite political authority over their internal or external affairs. If the members of the Iroquois nation were to strive to form. a sovereign state in the effort to preserve their identity as a people, they would be exhibiting a state—focused nationalism.

Nationalism has long been ignored as a topic in political philosophy, written off as a relic from bygone times. It has only recently come into the focus of philosophical debate. The surge of nationalism usually presents a morally ambivalent and for this reason often fascinating picture. "National awakenings" and struggles for political independence are often both heroic and inhumanly cruel; the formation of a recognizably national state often responds to deep popular sentiment, but can and does sometimes bring in its wake inhuman consequences, including violent expulsion and "cleansing" of non-nationals, all the way to organized mass murder. The moral debate on nationalism reflects a deep moral tension between solidarity with oppressed national groups on the one hand and repulsion in the face of crimes perpetrated in the name of nationalism on the other.

Nationalism may manifest itself as part of official state ideology or as a popular (non-state) movement and may be expressed along civic, ethnic, cultural, religious or ideological lines. These self-definitions of the nation are used to classify types of nationalism. However, such categories are not mutually exclusive and many nationalist movements combine some or all of these elements to varying degrees. Nationalist movements can also be classified by other criteria, such as scale and location.

Nationalism does not necessarily imply a belief in the superiority of one race over others, but in practice, many nationalists support racial protectionism or racial supremacy. Such racism is typically based upon preference or superiority of the indigenous race of the nation.

The two phenomena mentioned in paragraph 1 can be summarized as ______.

A．the peace and the violence

B．the internal and the external

C．the attitude and the actions

D．the powerless and the sovereignty

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第11题

Which of the following can be inferred from the text concerning Spanish tribute records？A．

Which of the following can be inferred from the text concerning Spanish tribute records？

A．They were being kept prior to the seventeenth century.

B．They mention only epidemics of smallpox.

C．They provide quantitative and qualitative evidence about Native American populations.

D．They prove that certain diseases were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World.

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