题目内容
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Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies () bad for their mental development.
A. that is
B. which is
C. as is
D. what are
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A.that is
B.that are
C.as is
D.as
A.of
B.into
C.for
D.after
It is the driver's responsibility to ______.
A．make the front seat passenger wear a seat belt
B．make the front seat children under 14 wear a seat belt
C．stop children riding in the front seat
D．wear a seat belt each time he drives
A．Someone who is backing into a parking space.
B．Someone who is picking up the children from the local school.
C．Someone who is delivering invitation letters.
D．Someone who is under 14.
The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that ______.
A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same level
B. an individual's intelligence is determined solely by his environment
C. children reared under average conditions possess average intelligence
D. lack of opportunity hinders the growth of intelligence
According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of an offence. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey's research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences？ Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor's actions was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann's pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won't fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Anne feel bad." Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified: the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the offender cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.
As to the punishment that children under seven are assigned to wrongdoing, Piaget suggests
A．the punishment is to be administered immediately following the offence.
B．the more immature a child, the more severe the punishment assigned.
C．the punishment for acts of intentional harm is less severe than it is for acts involving accidental harm.
D．the severity of the assigned punishment is primarily determined by the perceived magnitude of negative consequences.
Which of the following statement best illustrates moral freedom？
A．Alcoholics abstain from alcohol because they know it is harmful to their health.
B．Someone who repeatedly washes his hands because he believes that they are dirty.
C．While thinking, many children put their forefinger into their mouth without knowing it.
D．Some drag addicts pick up their habit again soon after being off it under the help of others.
Lyne Brown was once the headmaster of an elementary school. She said, "A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys attached.! was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, it never came to my mind what they meant. ",slowly, she learned they were house keys.
Lyne learned of the impact working couples and single parents were having on their children. She found that Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own safety.
The most common way latchkey children deal with their fears is by hiding. It might be in a shower stall, under a bed, in a closet. The second is TV. They'll often play it at high volume. It's hard to get statistics (情况，材料) on latchkey children. Most parents are slow to admit they leave their children alone.
The main idea about "latchkey children" is that they______.
A．are growing in numbers
B．are also found in middle-class neighborhoods
C．watch too much television during the day
D．suffer problems from being left alone
Passage Three
For more than six million American children, coming home after school means coming home to an empty house. They spend part of each day alone. They are called "latchkey children". They're children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad conditions have become a social problem.
Lyne Brown was once the headmaster of an elementary school. She said, "A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys attached.! was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, it never came to my mind what they meant. ",slowly, she learned they were house keys.
Lyne learned of the impact working couples and single parents were having on their children. She found that Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own safety.
The most common way latchkey children deal with their fears is by hiding. It might be in a shower stall, under a bed, in a closet. The second is TV. They'll often play it at high volume. It's hard to get statistics (情况，材料) on latchkey children. Most parents are slow to admit they leave their children alone.
41. The main idea about "latchkey children" is that they______.
A. are growing in numbers
B. are also found in middle-class neighborhoods
C. watch too much television during the day
D. suffer problems from being left alone
Early or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, (he father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone -- far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
Which of the following statements would Bowlby support？
A．Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.
B．Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
C．The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.
D．Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.
（非英语专业做）
There was a time when parents who wanted an educational present for their children would buy a typewriter, a globe or an encyclopedia set. Now those 【61】 seem hopelessly old fashioned. This Christmas, there were a lot of 【62】 computers under the tree. 【63】 that computers are the key to success, parents insist that children 【64】 taught to use them in school as early as possible.
The problem for schools is that when it 【65】 computers, parents do not always know best and are eagerly urging the schools to offer computer courses as soon as possible. Many schools are 【66】 parental impatience and are purchasing hardware hastily 【67】 good educational planning, saying "OK, we've moved into the computer age. " Teachers 【68】 themselves caught in the middle of the problem between parental pressure and 【69】 educational decisions.
Educators do not even agree 【70】 how computers should be used. A lot of money is going for computerized educational materials 【71】 can be taught 【72】 with pencil and paper. Even those who believe that all children should 【73】 to computer warn that there are potential 【74】 to the very young. The temptation of the computer is so strong that young children who quickly 【75】 themselves to it are never aware how much time they have 【76】 on it.
These are some other problems. 【77】 every school can afford to go into computing, and there is a division 【78】 the haves and the have-nots. Very few parents ask 【79】 computer instruction in poor school districts, 【80】 there may be barely enough money to pay the reading teacher.
(66)
A．items
B．toys
C．sets
D．series
