首页 > 考研

题目内容（请给出正确答案）

[主观题]

Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sl

eep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit, too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage I sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then, about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.

You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night along, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep that most dreams seem to occur.

Provided that you do not wake up during the first REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep — only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.

Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss？

A．Scientific methods of studying sleep.

B．Why humans require sleep.

C．The phases of sleep.

D．Why dreams occur during REM sleep.

查看答案

如果结果不匹配，请联系老师获取答案

您可能会需要：

重置密码查看订单联系客服

安装优题宝APP，拍照搜题省时又省心！

更多“Sleep is part of a person's da…”相关的问题

第1题

Passage One Animals have different ways of protecting themselves against wintertime weat

Passage One

Animals have different ways of protecting themselves against wintertime weather. Some animals grow heavy coats of fur or feathers, while others dig into the ground to find a warm wintertime home.

Some animals spend the winter in a deep sleep because by going to sleep they avoid the time of the year when food is scarce and the temperatures are low. Their sleep is known as hibernation.

There is much about hibernation that puzzles scientists. For example, they are wondering how hibernation came into being. Some scientists have explored the possibility that animals release a chemical that starts them hibernating.

One thing that scientists are certain about is that animals hibernate only when it is cold. Hibernation is a seasonal practice.

Some animals that fall into a wintertime sleep are not true hibernators because they spend only a part of the cold season asleep. Bears, for example, can easily be awakened from their winter nap. They are not true hibernators.

Sometimes it is difficult to determine whether a particular animal is a true hibernator. For example, some mice hibernate, but others do not. The same is true of bats. Some of them hibernate. Others do not.

36. Hibernation is a seasonal practice. This means it ______.

A. takes place only during a particular season

B. occurs only during the night

C. is a daily practice

D. only happens when a species becomes over-populated

点击查看答案

第2题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time; even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock tells plants when to form. flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadian rhythms.

Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year a French astronomer, Jean Jacques d’Ortous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time.

Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that man’s biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock.

About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by ageing and mental illness.

The laboratory is in the Montefiore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment. They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the experiment has no idea what time it is.

In the first four years of research, Dr. Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for “The New York Times” newspaper, Dava Sobel, became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobel wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper.

We can conclude from the first paragraph that

A．every creature has an inner biological clock.

B．the biological clock works day and night.

C．the biological clock has circadian rhythms.

D．the biological clock regulates behavior. of creatures.

点击查看答案

第3题

The term "the south" in the third paragraph most probably refers to______.A．the Southern p

The term "the south" in the third paragraph most probably refers to______.

A．the Southern part of America

B．Mexico

C．the Southern hemisphere

D．the South Africa

点击查看答案

第4题

What are the beauties of Hawaii？ Let’s start with four.The beach, famous for its water

What are the beauties of Hawaii？ Let’s start with four.The beach, famous for its water

What are the beauties of Hawaii？ Let’s start with four.

The beach, famous for its water temperature, air temperature and waves, is the first beauty.There are hundreds of miles of beaches on the twenty islands of Hawaii.They are thought to be among the finest beaches in the world.

Then, what do you think would be the second beautiful thing？ It is volcanoes (火山), of course.These volcanoes are not just a part of the islands; they made the islands in the first place.Because of them the islands are still growing.

What would be the third thing of beauty that the first visitor to Hawaii would notice？ It probably wouldn’t be just one thing, but many things: all the wonderful fruits and flower s of the islands.Sugar cane, bananas and pineapples are Hawaii’s biggest exports.Sugar cane has been growing in Hawaii for a thousand years.As for pineapples, the islands produce more than any other places in the world, which has made Dole Company the b iggest fruit-packing company in the world.

The fourth and most beautiful thing about Hawaii is the people who live there.The Hawaiians never rush, and perhaps this is because they care more for human life than they care for the machine.There is an old H awaiian law that a man can go to sleep in the middle of the road if he wants to.What makes the people of Hawaii so beautiful is their feeling about people.There are 64 different combinations of races on the islands, and they all live in peace.They belie ve “Above all nations is humanity.” That is the most beautiful thing of all.

1.According to the passage, Hawaii is made up of().

A.one island

B.twenty islands

C.sixty-four islands

D.hundreds of islands

2.Why are the volcanoes so special to the islands？()

A.They are not a part of the islands

B.They actually made the islands

C.They are the first in the world

D.They are growing

3.What has made Dole Company the biggest fruit-packing company in the world？()

A.Sugar

B.Sugar cane

C.Bananas

D.Pineapples

4.The people in Hawaii are the most beautiful thing because().

A.they had a peaceful history

B.they can sleep in the middle of the road

C.there are 64 different races on the islands

D.they care more for people than anything else

5.According to the passage, “above all nations is humanity” might mean ().

A.not all nations have humanity

B.humanity is as important as a nation

C.humanity has no national boundaries

D.all human being s should live in peace

点击查看答案

第5题

Sleep is a funny thing. We're taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but

a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke—probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.

Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a doctor, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care.

Maybe we shouldn't have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person's motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don't think twice about operating without enough sleep.

"I could tell you horror stories", says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. "I was operating after being up for over 36 hours", one writes. "I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound".

"Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work", writes another. "I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a convenience store on the roadside".

"Your own patients have become the enemy", writes a third", because they are the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep".

Agrawal's organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001, introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled on New York State's regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24 hour work-shift limit.

Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes" doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government".

The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If you're worried about the people treating you, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.

Which of the following is NOT true according to the text？

A．In a recent scientific research, the scientists points out that someone who sleeps beyond the limit will probably not be in good health.

B．In the United States, the doctors usually do not take their sleep problems seriously.

C．Most doctors agree that the problems should be solved only by way of some compulsory means.

D．The U.S. government has already restricted the doctors' working hours.

点击查看答案

第6题

Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.

In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, "It's your dream", says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center, "If you don't like it, change it".

Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh, But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the pre frontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day", says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.

The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.

And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recur ring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of "we wake up in a panic", Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll feel better in the morning.

Researchers have come to believe that dreams ______.

A．can be modified in their courses

B．are susceptible to emotional changes

C．reflect our innermost desires and fears

D．are a random outcome of neural repairs

点击查看答案

第7题

The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population. 【B1】 homelessness has r

eached such proportions that local government can't possibly 【B2】.To help homeless people 【B3】 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 【B4】 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 【B5】 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates 【B6】 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 【B7】 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 【B8】 , one of the federal government's studies 【B9】 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.

Finding ways to 【B10】 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 【B11】 when homeless individuals manage to find a 【B12】 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 【B13】 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 【B14】 not addicted or men tally ill, simply lack the everyday 【B15】 skills needed to turn their lives 【B16】 . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 【B17】 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 【B18】 Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 【B19】 it. "There has to be 【B20】 of programs. What we need is a package deal".

【B1】

A．Indeed

B．Likewise

C．Therefore

D．Furthermore

点击查看答案

第8题

The following is a list of medical terms. After reading it, you are required to find t

he items equivalent to (与…相同的) those given in Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in the brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered 36 through 40.

A—physical check-up

B--biological clock

C—pulse rate

D一high blood pressure

E—sleep habits

F—over-the-counter(OTC)medicine

G—side effect

H—personality test

I—operating room

J—sense of well-being

K—face-lift

L—compulsive over-eating

M—stress self-test

N—plastic surgeon

O—heart beat.

P—behavior. therapy

Q—terminal stage

Examples： (K)面部整容 (N)整形外科医牛

36.()心跳()非处方药

37.()手术室()强迫性过度饮食

38.()副作用()生物钟

39.()高血压()脉搏率

40.()睡眠习惯 ()体检

点击查看答案

第9题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

That low moaning sound in the background just might be the Founding Fathers protesting from beyond the grave. They have been doing it when George Bush, at a breakfast of religious leaders, scorched the Democrats for failing to mention God in their platform. and declaimed that a President needs to believe in the Almighty. What about the constitutional ban on "religious test(s)" for public office？ The Founding Fathers would want to know. What about Tom Jefferson's conviction that it is Possible for a nonbeliever to be a moral person, "find(ing) incitements to virtue in the comfort and pleasantness you feel in its exercise"？ Even George Washington must shudder in his sleep to hear the constant emphasis on "Judeo-Christian values". It was he who wrote, "We have abundant reason to rejoice that in this Land...every person may here worship God according to the dictates of his own heart".

George Bush should know better than to encourage the theocratic ambitions of the Christian right. The "wall of separation" the Founding Fathers built between church and state is one of the best defenses freedom has ever had. Or have we already forgotten why the Founding Fathers put it up？ They had seen enough religious intolerance in the colonies: Quaker women were burned at the stake in Puritan Massachusetts; Virginians could be jailed for denying the Bible's authority. No wonder John Adams once described the Judeo-Christian tradition as "the most bloody religion that ever existed", and that the Founding Fathers took such pains to keep the hand that holds the musket separate from the one that carries the cross.

There was another reason for the separation of church and state, which no amount of pious ranting can expunge: not all the Founding Fathers believed in the same God, or in any God at all. Jefferson was a renowned doubter, urging his nephew to "question with boldness even the existence of a God". John Adams was at least a skeptic, as were of course the revolutionary firebrands Tom Paine and Ethan Allen. Naturally, they designed a republic in which they themselves would have a place.

Yet another reason argues for the separation of church and state. If the Founding Fathers had one overarching aim, it was to limit the power not of the churches but of the state. They were deeply concerned, as Adams wrote, that "government shall be considered as having in it nothing more mysterious or divine than other arts or sciences". Surely the Republicans, committed as they are to "limited government", ought to honor the secular spirit that has limited our government from the moment of its birth.

What is implied in the first sentence？

A．The president confused religion with state unwisely.

B．The president's reference to God annoyed the dead.

C．The president criticized his opponents for ignorance.

D．The president's standpoint was boldly questioned.

点击查看答案

第10题

睡眠障碍（sleep disorder)

睡眠障碍(sleep disorder)

点击查看答案

第11题

sleep（）

A.呼吸

B.明天

C.睡觉

点击查看答案

长沙壹依黑科技有限公司版权所有 ©2024

湘ICP备2024047451号营业执照

违法和不良信息举报电话：400-118-7898

举报/反馈/投诉邮箱：deng＃ujigu.com（请将＃替换成@）