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Two brilliant ideas made possible the mass production of automobiles.（）
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When I lost my notebooks, I was devastated; all the ideas I'd had over the past two years were contained within their pages. I could remember only a few of them, but had the impression that those I couldn't recall were truly brilliant. Those little books were crammed with the plots of award-winning novels and scripts for radio comedy shows that were only two-thirds as bad as the ones on at the moment.
That's not all, though. In my reminiscence, my lost notebooks contained sketches for many innovative and incredible machines. In one book there was a design for a device that could turn sea water into apple cider; in another, plan for an automatic dog; in a third, sketches for a pair of waterproof shoes with television screens built into the toes. Now all of these plans are lost to humanity.
I found my notebooks again. It turns out they weren't in the bike pannier at all, but in a carrier bag in my spare room, where I found six months after supposedly losing them. And when I flipped through their pages, ready to run to the patent office in the morning, I discovered they were completely full of rubbish.
Discovering the notebooks really shook me up. I had firmly come to believe they were brimming with brilliant, inventive stuff--and yet clearly they weren't. I had deluded myself.
After surveying my nonsense, I found that this halo effect always attaches itself to things that seem irretrievably lost. Don't we all have a sneaking feeling that the weather was sunnier, TV shows funnier and cake-shop buns bunnier in the not-very-distant past？
All this would not matter much except that it is a powerful element in reactionary thought, this belief in a better yesterday. After all, racism often stems from a delusion that things have deteriorated since "they" came. What a boon to society it would be if people could visit the past and see that it wasn't the paradise they imagine but simply the present with different hats.
Sadly, time travel is impossible.
Until now, that is. Because I've suddenly remembered I left a leather jacket in an Indonesian restaurant a couples of years ago, and I'm absolutely certain that in the inside pocket there was a sketch I'd made...
By "only two-thirds as bad as the ones on at the moment", the author means"______".
A．better than
B．as bad as
C．worse than
D．as good as
In 274 pages Sagan deals with everything from the formation of the Earth to the puzzling possibilities of contact with extra-terrestrial life. This is the moment in history when man's stepping into the universe has suddenly become conceivable. To Sagan this is more exciting and important than was the exploration of the New World in the sixteenth century. So expenditure on the space programme, pruned of recent excesses, ought to continue--it is, according to Sagan, no larger a part of America's gross national income than was the relative cost to England in the sixteenth century of exploration in sailing ships.
The book is not for scientific illiterates, nor is Sagan a pedestrian scientist. Although he makes short work of the unidentified foreign objects (UFO) spotters, he is unafraid to take us on a speculative journey to a black hole which, for all he knows, might be the quick route to somewhere else, not necessarily our universe.
Sagan exhibits a passionate interest in life in the cosmos in which there are .almost certainly civilizations much more advanced than our own. We are the result of a number of relatively recent cosmic accidents, but for all that, Sagan is no less excited about our future,
From the passage we understand that Carl Sagan writes ______.
A．forcefully and complexly
B．elaborately and literally
C．simply and humorously
D．snobbishly and cleverly
Most meetings are sometimes thought to be___.
A.solving many problems
B.discussing important matters
C.killing time and uninteresting
Most institutions provide courses which【43】new students to develop the skills they need to be【44】listeners and note-takers.【45】these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which【46】learners to practice these skills【47】. In all cases it is important to【48】the problem【49】. actually starting your studies.
It is important to【50】that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills【51】in college study. One way of【52】these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes, which most institutions provide throughout the【53】year. Another basic【54】is to find a study partner【55】it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.
(66)
A．extending
B．illustrating
C．performing
D．conducting
Learning science can bring a double benefit because science is both a method and a set of ideas, both a process and product. The processes of science provide a way of finding out information, testing ideas and see- king explanations. The products of science are ideas which can be applied in helping to understand new experiences. The word "can" is used advisedly here, it indicates that there is the potential to bring these benefits but no guarantee that they will be realized without taking the appropriate steps. In learning science the development of the process side and the product side must go hand in hand, they are totally interdependent. This has important implications for the kinds of activities children need to encounter in their education But before pursuing these implications, there are still two further important points which underline the value of including science in primary education.
The first is that whether we teach children science or not, they will ha developing ideas about the world around from their earliest years. If these ideas are based on casual observation, non-investigated events and the acceptance of hearsay, than they are likely to be non-scientific. "everyday" ideas. There are plenty of such ideas around for children to pick up. My mother believed (and perhaps still does despite my efforts) that if the sun shines through the window on to the fire it puts the fire out, that cheese maggots f a common encounter in her youth when food was sold unwrapped) are made of cheese and develop spontaneously from it, that placing a lid on a pan of boiling water makes it boil at a lower temperature, that electricity travels more easily if the wires are not twisted. Similar myths still abound and no doubt influence children's attempts to make sense of their experience. As well as hearsay, left to themselves, children will also form. some ideas which seem unscientific; for example, that to make something move requires a force but to stop it needs no force. All these ideas could easily be put to the test; children's science education should make children want to do it. Then they not only have the chance to modify their ideas, but they learn to be sceptical about so-called "truths" until these have been put to the test. Eventually they will realize that all ideas are working hypotheses which can never be proved right, but are useful as long as they fit the evidence of experience and experiment.
The importance of beginning this learning early in children's education is twofold. On the one hand the children begin to realize that useful ideas must fit the evidence; on the other hand they are less likely to form. and to accept everyday ideas which can be shown to be in direct conflict with evidence and scientific concepts. There are research findings to show that the longer the non-scientific ideas have been held, the more difficult they are to change. Many children come to secondary science, not merely lacking the scientific ideas they need, but possessing alternative ideas which are a barrier to understanding their science lessons.
The second point about starting to learn science, and to learn scientifically, at the primary level is connect- ed with attitudes to the subject. There is evidence that attitudes to science seem t
A．the importance of science in human development
B．the proper ways of teaching children science
C．the necessity for children to learn science
D．the correct attitude to science as a subject in primary education
To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture (2)_____ another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic (3)_____ among the different languages.
People once (4)_____ the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped (5)_____ of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. (6)_____ it is possible that language (7)_____ began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages (8)_____ no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of (9)_____ groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely (10)_____, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They (11)_____ behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, (12)_____ only in their vocabularies, which reflect their speakers' social (13)_____.
Even in this department, (14)_____, two things are to be noted: 1) All languages seem to (15)_____ the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence (16)_____ by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2) The objects and activities requiring names and (17)_____ in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often (18)_____ numerous and complicated. A Western languages distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ("this" and "that"); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker or to the person (19)_____ and what is removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
This study of language, in turn, (20)_____ a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank.
A．perspective
B．sense
C．dimension
D．manner
There is apparent generation gap between the young and the old nowadays. The younger generation is essentially different from the older generation. The young people live in a new age completely different from the old. They have grown up more happily and are not so dependent on adults as their parents were. They are better educated and enjoy more freedom. They easily accept new things and new ideas. They are more concerned with the present and the future, whereas the world of the older people has vanished, and they do not understand all of the problems of the modern world. They grew up in a world which was different from today's world. They often talk about "the good old days" and tend to assert old things and ideas. They don't like to feel that their beliefs and values are being questioned and threatened. They would like the young to learn from them, but the young refuse to accept their values. They cannot understand why the young complain about the conventional things and old systems and why they want to make changes in these things to fit the needs of modern society, As a result, the old people think the young are not what they were, and most young people are unable to learn from the parents and elders who they will never be.
In order to reconcile the differences, both generation should realize that the world has changed, and that new responses are necessary for many of the problems of society. Besides, some forms of organizations should be established to help the young and the old exchange their ideas and strengthen their mutual understanding so as to bridge the gap.
One important reason for the difference existing between the young and the old is that ______.
A．they live in different ages
B．they live in different countries
C．they live in separate planets
D．they hate each other
Where do these ideas come from？ Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism; day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow, the color of hope and activity.
In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms: either we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; self-preservation by its complement green.
In Luscher's view, the association of colors with feeling and attitudes can be traced back to ______.
A．the association of day and night with passivity and action in ancient time
B．the association of black with funerals in western Europe
C．the association of white with purity in some countries
D．the association of red with joy in China
In America, you can achieve if you are prepared. You can soar(高飞)as far as your knowledge, drive and social skills will take you. The hitch is that although most of our children are born with incredible potential, far too many of them never see their promises fulfilled because their brains dont get enough stimulation(刺激)early in life. Jon Fine, CEO and president of United Way of King County, showed slides(幻灯片)of two brains during a speech Friday. One showed the brain of a child who received lots of stimulation, and the other the brain of a neglected child. There was a marked difference in the development of the temporal lobe(颞叶), which meant the child who hadnt had rich experiences in his or her early childhood would have trouble processing information. High-quality early education is the surest way to reduce the high school dropout rate because children start learning the moment they enter the world. It could keep more people out of prison and help grow the talent well need to rebuild our economy, mend our environment and write brilliant music. Think about something as simple as vocabulary. How do children acquire the kind of deep and broad repository(储存)of words and language skills that are the foundation of success in school and in life？ Obviously, since you need it to succeed in school, waiting until you are in school to learn isnt the best option. Kids learn at home from their parents, and parents arent equally prepared to teach. Kids who arrive at school behind rarely catch up.
Which is the best title of this passage？
A．The Importance of Early Education.
B．The Equal Chance in America.
C．Family Education in America.
D．The Cause of the High-school Dropout Rate.
Shadows are easily explained since we know that light travels in a straight line. We also know that light waves pass through some bodies and not through others.
When light strikes a body and passes through it unchanged, we call such a body or material transparent. Most glass is such a material, especially window glass, and it is for this reason that we do not see the shadow of the window pane which the men are carrying. Do you know of any other transparent materials？ The most common one, with which we are familiar, is air. Another is clear water.
On the other hand, some materials do not let light pass through them at all. They stop the light waves just as you would-catch a ball that was being thrown to someone standing between you. Such materials are called opaque. Men' s bodies, like steel, rock, concrete or even cardboard, are opaque and do not permit the light to pass through. An opaque body casts a shadow.
The title that best expresses the ideas of the passage is ______.
A．Why are there shadows
B．The transparent materials
C．How to cast a shadow
D．Shadows and light waves
