Drug use is rising dramatically among the nation's youth after a decade of decline. From 1
A.aged
B.aging
C.age
D.ages
A.aged
B.aging
C.age
D.ages
A.for B.why C.because D.that
The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. "Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana (大麻) or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle," the study says.
"Surprisingly", says the Board, "the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of recreational drug use." Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars--including Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs--have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. "In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household, "the study says.
The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues--especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization, which encourages, rather than prevents, drug abuse. "Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive, " says Harold Ghodse, president of the Board. "Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs," he says. Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway.
The present study, he says, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed.
Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with?
A.The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a person's lifestyle.
B.The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond the boundaries of the country.
C.No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.
D.The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture.
A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。
B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”
C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。
D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”
E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。
F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。
G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”
We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior. are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depress ants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifesting") because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.
Substance abuse (Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to "drug abuse" in that ______.
A.substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used
B.drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drug takers
C.alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine
D.many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous
A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。
B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”
C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。
D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”
E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。
F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。
G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”
A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。
B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”
C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。
D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”
E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。
F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。
G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”
The 1990s have been designated the Decade Against Drug Abuse by the United Nations. But, (1)_____ less than three years to go before the end of the decade, governments and health organizations (2)_____ that they have made (3)_____ progress in reducing drug, alcohol and tobacco abuse. Today, consumption of all these substances is increasingly steadily worldwide. (4)_____ every country now has problems with (5)_____ drugs. And the world is producing and consuming more alcohol and tobacco than ever. Between 1970 and 1990 beer production (6)_____ rose by over 80 per cent. And, (7)_____ the number of smokers keeps on (8)_____,by the second or third (9)_____ of the next century there could be 10 million deaths each year (10)_____ smoking related illnesses.
Drugs are also a huge burden (11)_____ the world economy. In the United States, for example, it's estimated that alcohol and illegal drug use costs the country tens of billions of dollars each year, mainly (12)_____ health care. When the cost of tobacco related illnesses is added, (13)_____ total more than doubles.
Drugs are also closely (14)_____ crime. Many police forces no longer (15)_____ between illegal and legal drugs when fighting crime. In Australia, for example, experts (16)_____ that police in some parts of the country spend between 70 and 80 percent of their time dealing with alcohol-related incidents.
One explanation for the increase in drug (17)_____ is simply that people have more money to spend. Tobacco and alcohol companies are now (18)_____ much more on developing countries to take (19)_____ of greater wealth there. And criminals involved in the illegal drug trade are following (20)_____, introducing drugs into countries where they were previously hardly use.
A.when
B.with
C.as
D.if
But athletes will take EPO in Sydney because they can, and some of them will take too much of it. In 1995 Olympic—caliber U.S. athletes were asked in a poll, "Would you take a drug that made you a champion, knowing that it would kill you in five years?" more than half said yes. So even if we forget about fair play and credibility and Olympic ideals, we are left with this: the athletes must be protected from themselves arm the pressure to win. How?
The I.O.C. needs to do two things immediately: develop a spine, and federalize. The only way to catch a cheat is with unannounced, out-of-competition testing. Historically the I.O.C. has delegated decision making to individual sports federations, but that policy is not working when it comes to drags. A third of the 28 federations have yet to agree to out-of-competition tests in advance of the Sydney Games. The I.O.C. should call an emergency session and make a new rule applying to all sports, then send out its newly empowered testers.
As for that imperfect test for EPO-use it anyway. As gold medal marathoner Frank Shorter, now chairman of the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency, says, knowing a test is looming that will knock cheaters off stride. Shorter says that if there is no EPO test at Sydney, then every endurance or strength performance is suspect. He's right. And when sport becomes suspect—when no one believes in it—it's no longer worth watching.
What's Samaranch's attitude towards drug use in Olympic Games?
A.Indignant
B.Tolerate
C.Paradoxical
D.Neutral
The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints
One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls(萝状指纹)and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints.Losing them could become troublesome.A case【51】______online in a letter by Annals of Oncology indicates how big a【52】______losing finger prints is.
Eng-Huat Tan,a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year-old man who has used capecitabine(卡培他滨)to【53】______his nasopharyngeal cancer(鼻咽症).After three years on the【54】______,the patient decided to visit his U.S.relatives last December.But he was stopped by U.S. customs officials【55】______4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get finger prints from the man.There were no【56】______swirly(旋涡状的)marks appearing from his index fin ger.
U.S.customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years,Tan says.Unfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler,one potential【57】______effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads.【58】______,no fingerprints.
“It is uncertain when fingerprint【59】______will begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine,”Tan points out.So he【60】______any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with a doctor's【61】______pointing Out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.
Eventually,the Singaporean traveler made it into the United States.But he's also now got the explanatory doctor's note-and won't leave home【62】______it.
By the way,maybe the Food and Drug Administration,【63】______approved use of the drug 11 years ago,should consider updating its list of side effects【64】______with this medicine.The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting(呕吐),stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where【65】______it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints.
(51)
A.released
B.suggested
C.accepted
D.detected
(41~45) Researchers have found that drugs used to treat human seizures can delay aging in worms by as much as 50 percent. The roundworms used for the study are similar to humans in their molecular makeup, raising the
possibility that the drugs could also extend the life span of humans。
第41题:“By finding a class of drugs that delays aging we have found a relationship between the function of the nervous system and aging that was not well understood, ” said Kerry Komfeld, a geneticist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Science。 The discovery came out of the thesis work by one of Komfeld’s graduate students, Kimberley Evason. About four years ago, Evason began exposing groups of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans to commercially available drugs to see if the drugs would delay aging or promote longevity。
A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。
B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”
C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。
D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”
E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。
F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。
G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”