Today Siena is famous for keeping its“old face.”For example,its city walls,which helped keep the city safe in the past,are hundreds of years old now and look almost the same as before.Also,many old buildings are seen at the Piazza del Campo,the most important meeting place of the city.Few things have really changed in this center of public life for hundreds of years.Now people still go to the open space for sharing news,shopping or playing sports.There is one more thing that helps keep Siena’s old face: cars cannot enter the city most of the time.
True,Siena is old,but it is beautifully old.People are welcome to visit this beautiful city and walk into the past.
1、The old city,Siena,began more than 2,900 years ago.
2、Siena is famous for having the first bank of the world today.
3、People in Siena have protected the old city walls very well.
4、Few old buildings can be found at the Piazza del Campo.
5、Most of the time cars are not allowed to enter Siena.
Until recently, most American entrepreneurs(企业家) were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1980s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, "The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s has turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur."
What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, "In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard, they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own."
In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in "women's" fields—cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers—and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold. ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.
Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the Banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small.
But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.
All of the following were mentioned in the passage as prejudices against women in the business world EXCEPT ______.
A.women were not trained in business
B.women lacked ability to work in business
C.women were required to stay at home with their families
D.women face discrimination in business
What jobs have typically been held by women?
A.Jobs as doctors and lawyers.
B.Jobs in service industries.
C.Jobs in areas without sex discrimination.
D.Jobs in areas where women are respected.
Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400000 companies worldwide will exchange some $10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment- maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-Services exchange in France offers more than 4600 services, from math lessons to ironing.
This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls "the double coincidence of wants." That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.
Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is "hugely bartered" because many media, particularly on the Web, can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads don't register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.
Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to "grade" trading partners for honesty, quality and so on. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter global trades. Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be "liberated from corrupt middlemen." For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.
The word "techies" (Line 4, Para.1) probably refers to those who are ______.
A.afraid of technology
B.skilled in technology
C.ignorant of technology
D.incompetent in technology
Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400000 companies worldwide will exchange some $10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment- maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-Services exchange in France offers more than 4600 services, from math lessons to ironing.
This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls "the double coincidence of wants." That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.
Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is "hugely bartered" because many media, particularly on the Web, can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads don't register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.
Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to "grade" trading partners for honesty, quality and so on. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter global trades. Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be "liberated from corrupt middlemen." For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.
The word "techies" (Line 4, Para.1) probably refers to those who are ______.
A.afraid of technology
B.skilled in technology
C.ignorant of technology
D.incompetent in technology
The world's knowledge is said to be doubling (2)_____ eight years. This knowledge explosion is (3)_____ economic progress. The need to collect, analyze, and communicate (4)_____ quantities of information is Spawning new products and services, creating jobs, and widening career opportunities.
The information age is (5)_____ considered to be a phenomenon of the service sector of the economy, (6)_____ a product of heavy industry. Certainly, burgeoning information technologies are creating new capabilities (7)_____ knowledge-based service spheres. But changes just as dramatic are (8)_____ industry, giving people the opportunity to do challenging work in exciting new ways.
Manufacturing is a full participant in the information age. From design (9)_____ production, the manufacturing process has long been in formation-intensive. It always has required exacting communication to describe (10)_____ goes into products and how to make them, Now, computer technology is giving factory managers new capability to gather all of this information and (11)_____ it to control production.
Telecommunications are producing error-free communication between the design office (12)_____ the factory, computer-aided design is enabling engineers to evaluate product performance and manufacturing process (13)_____ video displays, before resources are committed to build and test prototypes. Techniques like these are bringing (14)_____ new advances in manufacturing productivity.
Just as coal fueled the transformation to an industrial society, (15)_____ microelectronics is powering the rise of the information age. Microelectronic information-management tools are strengthening U.S. industrial capability, (16)_____ remains vital to America's economic well being and national security.
More and more manufacturing companies are (17)_____ that the wise of information can give them a competitive edge. As companies emphasize (18)_____ information management, talented people will continue to find (19)_____ to make factories and milks sing with increased productivity.
In manufacturing as well as in services, information technology is a tool to (20)_____ human creativity into productivity.
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