题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A．chemicals will wash away fields
B．water levels will go up
C．more and more land will be covered by ice
D．none of the above
如果结果不匹配，请 联系老师 获取答案
更多“The more chemicals we send int…”相关的问题
Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women
[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.
[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.
[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.
[D] are exposed to more stress.
Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the【39】they form. do not function as well as they【40】in childhood and adolescence (青春期). The body provides less【41】against disease and is more prone【42】accident.
A number of related cause may【43】aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not【44】when they die. As a person ages,【45】of brain cells and muscle cells decrease,【46】body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the【47】cells may not be as viable (能生存的) or as capable【48】growth as those of a young person.
Another【49】in aging may be changes within the cells【50】. Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known【51】with age and become less elastic. This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and【52】. This is also the reason old people【53】in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as RNA, store and【54】information that the cell need. Aging may affect this【55】and change the information carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.
(66)
A．use to
B．be used to
C．used to
D．had
It has long been known that people who are depressed have lower-than-usual levels of the brain chemicals serotonin or noradrenaline, or in some cases both. Many also have a blunted sense of taste, which is presumably caused by changes in brain chemistry. To unpick the relationship between the two, Lucy Donaldson and her colleagues at the University of Bristol, UK, gave 20 healthy volunteers two antidepressant drugs, and checked their sensitivity to different tastes. The drug that raised serotonin levels made people more sensitive to sweet and bitter tastes, the team reports in the Journal of Neuroscience. The other, which increased noradrenaline, enhanced recognition of bitter and sour tastes.
In healthy people, volunteers whose anxiety levels were naturally higher were less sensitive to bitter and salty tastes. "What hasn't been done be{ore is to look precisely at which tastes are affected in depression," says Donaldson. Now the results are in, "we can discriminate between the chemicals and the tastes that seem to be altered," she says. Testing sensitivity to sweet and sour tastes could potentially help doctors to pick up on which chemicals are dipping, guiding them when choosing which drug to rectify the problem.
Currently, doctors rely on physical and emotional symptoms to make a best guess at an individual's imbalance, prescribe a drug and wait about a month to check on any improvement. Good doctors have about a 60-80% success rate in selecting the right drug the first time, says psychiatrist Jan Melichar, a co-author on the paper. Are there any decent tests for prescribing drugs for depression？ "No. We do a best guesstimate," says Melichar. "I'm excited by this finding because in 3, 5 or 7 years we could have a simple taste test. "
Next, the team plans to perform. similar tests in depressed people, and in healthy volunteers given another brain chemical called tryptophan. This chemical would lower the healthy subjects' levels of serotonin, as actually happens in depressed patients.
The work has also generated interest from flavor houses--companies that develop chemicals for the food and drink industry--who are interested in making foods taste just as sweet with half the amount of sugar. "Theoretically there would be the possibility of enhancing your meal with drugs that affect brain chemicals so that things would taste better--you couid have a 'designer taste tablet'," Donaldson says.
The study of the link between mood and taste can help______.
A．people to gain better mood
B．doctor to cure depression
C．people to increase appetite
D．researchers to get prescriptions
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes," it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed lo more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs？
A．Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.
B．Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.
C．Woman are more experienced than men in coping with stress.
D．Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.
Researchers have long known that stressing plants can force them to take defensive action, often ramping up the production of protective chemicals that, for example, make them more resistant to insect attack. It has become common practice to stress such plants into increasing their yields. This is usually clone using physical stress elicitors (诱导子), including bits of the micro-organisms that normally attack the plants, or irritants made from metallic compounds such as copper chloride. These are effective, but they come at a cost. Most elicitors are toxic to plants and can build up in tissues, making it necessary to occasionally "clean" a plant of the chemicals so they keep having the same effect.
Recently, research groups at the University of Arizona in Tucson found that the application of an electric current to the hairy roots of the poisonous herb Hyoscyamus muticus stimulated the production of the herb's toxin hyoscyamine (天仙子胺). This unpublished finding inspired Hans Van Etten, also of the University of Arizona, and his colleagues to test sub-lethal levels of electrical currents on other plants, to assess electricity's potential to elevate chemical production.
The researchers exposed eight different plant species (ranging from Japanese pagoda tree seedlings to pea plants) to weak electrical currents of 30 milliamps. Seven of the plants increased their production o{ defensive chemicals. The average boost of chemical production was 20 times, they report in Biotechnology Progress. One plant, a type of alfalfa, increased its chemical yield by 168 times. These values are very similar to those achieved using chemical elicitors, and seem to have no lethal effects-just a negative effect on growth. The treatment can be used over and over again without the build-up of any unwanted material.
The useful compounds would be very easy to harvest: they simply pour out into solution if the plants are grown hydroponically. "The fact that we can use electricity instead of toxic materials to elicit chemical production is very exciting because it means we get to look at how these chemicals form. without having to constantly add and remove toxins from the system," says Van Etten. "This is a really novel and creative approach that I've never seen before," says plant metabolic engineer Fabricio Medina Bolivar from Arkansas State University in Jonesboro. "The possibilities for using electricity with plants in this way are absolutely tremendous. "
Electricity acting on plants can be used to ______.
A．take precautions against skin infections
B．increase production of useful biologicals
C．increase pharmacological and commercial value
D．make plants more resistant to attack
The Chinese have used a method called acupuncture(针炙) to perform. operations for about 4,000 years without putting the patient to sleep. This involves placing flexible needles into certain parts of the body. The needles are available in a number of stores in China and anyone may buy them.
To learn how to use the needles takes about one month of training. But to be skillful requires greater time. (79) The person who performs the acupuncture knows how to put in the needles so the needles themselves are not painful. This person also knows where to place the needles so the patient feels no pain in the area where the operation is to be performed. A particular operation might require 25 or more needles placed in various parts of the body. But now this operation requires only 3 or 4 needles.
Today, the Chinese doctors are trying to learn more about acupuncture. (80) They are trying to develop a convincing theory to explain how the needles work in preventing pain, or why a needle in the wrist, for example, Would prevent the pain in the area of the mouth.
A patient who needs an operation is given a choice between having acupuncture or having one of the chemicals used for putting him to sleep. It has been estimated that over half of the patients choose acupuncture because there is no sickness after the operation but the chemical may make the patient sick for a few hours or a day.
Acupuncture is ______.
A．a medical operation
B．a medical needle
C．a medical technique
D．a medical machine
The lesson Edwards and Clark learned then_________ is the more down-to-earth guy won.
A． that
B． what
C． why
D． only
Over the next year or two, the result will be higher, and more volatile prices, to be sure, but there are market-driven adjustment mechanisms even in the short term, e.g., more electric power from coal and oil, reduced production of domestic chemicals, and a commensurate substitution of imports. Consumers and companies will feel the economic pinch of higher prices; particularly, if we experience an exceptionally hot summer and a winter, when average temperatures were 20% colder than the year before in the Northeast. Still, the United States faces neither the specter of economic recession—at least not solely due to gas prices—nor of freezing families unable to 'obtain gas to heat their homes.
Given this new price plateau, demand adjustments will also take place and vary across regions of the United States and across industries, with power generation and chemicals perhaps the most affected. Some in those industries may find that their facilities are no longer financially viable at the new price plateau, and there will likely be another round of industrial restructuring not unlike others that have resulted from international differences in resource and labor costs—lest we forget, natural gas is still abundant and very low cost in other countries such as Trinidad, Qatar, and Iran, just as labor is abundant and low cost in China, Indonesia, and parts of Latin America.
From a policy perspective, the United States needs to carefully evaluate a series of trade-offs between environmental concerns and economic growth. The gas price experiences of the last two years are the first real tastes of the economic costs of a gas-based environmental strategy. Evaluating these trade-offs needs to be done with a level head and a clear understanding of those trade-offs.
What is the main topic of the article？
A．American economy is strongly hit by the high prices of gas.
B．American economy is affected by the high price of gas, but it is not a crisis.
C．American economic policy is a failure.
D．The prices of gas will rise in the following years.
Cleaners and farmers do ______scientists do.
A. the same work as
B. less important work than
C. more work than
D. as important work as
听力原文：W: So what are the two main times of the day that you watch TV？
M: Well, a little around breakfast time and then it tends to be really late— eleven or even midnight—when I've finished work.
W: And what sort of programs do you go for？
M: Some news bulletins but I also really like to put my feet up with some of the old comedy shows.
W: Fine. And turning to the new channel...which type of programs would you like to see more of？
M: Well, I certainly don't think we need any more factual programs like news and documentaries. I think we need more about things like local in formation...you know, providing a service for the community. And in the same vein, perhaps more for younger viewers...you know, good quality stuff.
W: Ah ha. And if you had to give the new directors some specific advice when they set up the channel, what advice would you give theme
M: I think I'd advice them to pay more attention to the quality of the actual broadcast, you know, the sound system. They ought to do lots more of these kinds of interview, you know, talking with their potential customers.
W: Oh, I'm glad you think it's valuable!
M: Certainly...yeah.
W: Good. Ok, this will be a commercial channel of course, but how often do you think it is tolerable to have adverts？
M: Well out of that list I'd say every quarter of an hour. I don't think we can complain about that, as long as they don't last for ten minutes each time!
W: Quite. And…would you be willing to attend any of our special promotions for the new channel？
M: Yes, I'd be very happy to, as long as they're held here in my area.
W: Thank you very much for your time.
(23)
A．Local news and children's programs.
B．Children's programs and local service programs.
C．Documentaries and news.
D．Documentaries and movies.
