Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by... - 搜题云问答

第1题

The sentence "more mundane occupations will experience the biggest surge" in Paragraph 2 m

eans______.

A．there will be a great increase in humble jobs

B．there will be a great increase in ordinary jobs

C．there will be a great increase in office jobs

D．there will be a great increase in full-time jobs

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第2题

The writer believes that before long ______.A．men and women will compete for secretarial w

The writer believes that before long ______.

A．men and women will compete for secretarial work

B．men will take over women' s jobs as secretaries

C．women will operate most office machines

D．men will be better with machines

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第3题

The writer believes that before long______.A．both men and women can act as secretariesB．me

The writer believes that before long______.

A．both men and women can act as secretaries

B．men will be better than machines

C．men will take over women's jobs as secretaries

D．women will operate most office machines

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第4题

Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by computation（计算机自动化). Word process

Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by computation(计算机自动化). Word processors and typists will lose about 93,000 jobs over the next few years, while 57,000 secretarial jobs will vanish. Blame the PC: Today, many executives type their own memos and carry their "secretaries" in the palms of their hands. Time is also hard for stock clerks, whose ranks are expected to decrease by 68, 000． And employees in manufacturing firms and wholesalers are being replaced with computerized systems.

But not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line. Many will shift to growing positions within their own companies. When new technologies shook up the telecomm business, telephone operator Judy Dougherty pursued retraining. She is now a communications technician, earning about $64, 000 per year. Of course, if you've been a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years, and you find yourself replaced by an E-ZPass machine, it may be of little consolation(安慰) to know that the telecomm field is booming.

And that's just it : The service economy is fading ; welcome to the expertise (专门知识) economy. To succeed in the new job market, you must be able to handle complex problems. Indeed, all but one of the 50 highest-paying occupations-air-traffic controller-demand at least a bachelor's degree.

For those with just a high school diploma(毕业证书), it's going to get tougher to find a well-paying job. Since fewer factory and clerical jobs will be available, what's left will be the jobs that computation can't kill: Computers can't clean offices, or care for Alzheimer's patients (老年痴呆病人). But, since most people have the skills to fill those positions, the wages stay painfully low, meaning computation could drive an even deeper wedge(楔子) between the rich and poor. The best advice now: Never stop learning, and keep up with new technology.

For busy adults, of course, that can be tough. The good news is that the very technology that's reducing so many jobs is also making it easier to go back to school-without having to sit in a classroom. So-called Internet distance learning is hot, with more than three million students currently enrolled, and it's gaining credibility with employers.

Are you at risk of losing your job to a computer？ Check the Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Outlook Handbook, which is available online at bls. gov.

From the first paragraph we can infer that all of the following persons are easily thrown into unemployment EXCEPT______.

A．secretaries

B．stock clerks

C．managers

D．wholesalers

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第5题

The new studies show that fewer than half of the 9th graders in many of the nation’s l

argest cities，ever graduate.The studies clearly show that the dropout rate isn’t dropping.And，in particular，the dropout rate isn’t dropping for poor and minority students.

Amazingly，though so many people regret the rising dropout rate，our schools continue to lack formal plans—or any plans—about students’ motivation.Most schools have no game plans to ensure that students understand that school will be completely necessary.Schools expect the children to act as the school is important，but they never teach them to believe that.

Years ago，families ensured that the offspring recognized the value of school.But in many modern families，the children may fail to recognize the importance of school life just because these families may actually tell the children that school is not important.Since many families are not motivating their children to be interested students，young professionals，like teachers，may need to provide this training.Otherwise，it is likely that the dropout rate will continue to not drop，but only worsen.

Here are some strategies to convince even the most apathetic students that they must stay in school.

Ask students if they will ever need to work：The world has changed.100 years ago，factory work was the booming job，and it required no education.Today，factories are increasingly automated.Most computerrelated jobs require education and at least a high school diploma.

Ask students which century they will be prepared for：In 1900，the most common jobs were farm laborer and domestic servant—education not needed.Now，the most common jobs are office and sales worker—education and diploma usually needed.6 out of 10 people today work in a store or an office.

Ask students to devise a way that the employee could be replaced.For example，the coming trend in fast food is to use computers rather than people to run the restaurant.A prototype is apparently already being tested.The students should discover that most jobs that lack education and diploma requirements will be ripe for automation.

1.By saying “the dropout rate isn’t dropping”，the author means to say that ________.

A、most of the 9th graders can afford to go to school

B、quite a few of the 9th graders can graduate

C、the majority of the 9th graders cannot graduate

D、the minority of the 9th graders can’t graduate

2.The author’s attitude towards the schools is ________.

A、Criticism

B、Praise

C、Ignoring

D、Support

3.With the help of some professionals，________.

A、fewer students may stay in schools

B、some parents will be more convinced of their children’s future

C、the dropout rate in schools may drop

D、all the kids problems should be solved

4.What does the underlined word “offspring” probably mean？

A、friends

B、Students

C、Children

D、Parents

5.According to the passage，________ doesn’t need education.

A、an automation job of today

B、a computerrelated job now

C、an office job at present

D、a domestic servant’s job in 1900

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第6题

It is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in manufacturing that are being sucked offshor

e but also white-collar service jobs, which used to be considered safe from foreign competition. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has made it possible to offshore services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanley's Mr. Roach has been drawing attention to the fact that the "global labour arbitrage" is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs. It is no longer just basic data processing and call centres that are being outsourced to low-wage countries, but also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering design, law, accounting, finance and business consulting. These can now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition.

The standard retort to such arguments is that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much. So far fewer than lm American service-sector jobs have been lost to off-shoring. Forrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3.4m jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30m jobs destroyed and created in America every year. The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sorts of jobs that are already being off-shored, when in reality the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies.

Alan Blinder, an economist at Princeton University, believes that most economists are underestimating the disruptive effects of off-shoring, and that in future two to three times as many service jobs will be susceptible to off-shoring as in manufacturing. This would imply that at least 30% of all jobs might be at risk. In practice the number of jobs off-shored to China or India is likely to remain fairly modest. Even so, the mere threat that they could be shifted will depress wages:

Moreover, says Mr. Blinder, education offers no protection. Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically delivered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers, janitors and crane operators remain safe from off-shoring. This may help to explain why the real median wage of American graduates hat fallen by 6% since 2000, a bigger decline than in average wages.

In the 1980s and early 1990s, the pay gap between low-paid, low-skilled workers and high-paid, high-skilled workers widened significantly. But since then, according to a study by David Autor, Lawrence Katz and Melissa Kearney, in America, Britain and Germany workers at the bottom as well as at the top have done better than those in the middle-income group. Office cleaning cannot be done by workers in India. It is the easily standardised skilled job？ in the middle, such as accounting, that are now being squeezed hardest. A study by Bradford Jensen and Lori Kletzer, at the Institute for International Economics in Washington D.C., confirms that workers in tradable services that are exposed to foreign competition tend to be more skilled than workers in non-tradable services and tradable manufacturing industries.

To offshore services that were once non-tradable results from ______.

A．the blue-collar job market

B．the geographic location of the Underdeveloped worlc1

C．the fierce competition among skilled workers

D．the dive of telecoms fee

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第7题

It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the

lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women

began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Eriedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that make possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex.., into public industry". Observers thus differed concerning tile social desirability of mechanization's effects, but they agreed that it would transform. women's lives.

Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women's economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women's work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880's created a new class of "dead-end" jobs, then forth considered "women's work". The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of house-work and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.

Women's work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's house-hold labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage？

A．The effects of the mechanization of women's work have not borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary.

B．Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a society's traditional values and the customary roles of its members.

C．Mechanization has caused the nature of women's work to change since the Industrial Revolution.

D．The mechanization of work creates whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist.

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第8题

听力原文：M: The summer holiday is coming, but I really don't know what to do. There doesn'

t seem to beany jobs available.

W: Why don't you try house-sitting？ Last summer Cindy was a house sitter for the Smiths when they went away on vacation. They hired Cindy to stay in their house because they didn't want it left empty.

M: You mean they paid Cindy just to live in their house？

W: It wasn't that easy. She had to water the house plants, mow the lawn, and even take care of the pets.

M: I guess it is a little like baby-sitting, except you're taking care of a house instead of children.

W: The student employment office still has a few jobs posted.

M: Do I just have to fill oat an application？

W: You have to have an interview with the homeowner and provide three references at least.

M: That seems like a lot of trouble for a summer job.

W: Well, the homeowner wants some guarantee that they can trust the house sitter. You know they want to make sure you're not the type who'll hold wild parties in their house, or bring a group of friends in with you.

M: I see. House sitters who do that sort of thing probably aren't paid then.

W: Usually they're paid anyway just because the homeowners don't want to make a fuss. But if the homeowner reports it, the house sitter won't be able to get another job easily. So why don't you apply？

M: I think I will. Thank you.

(20)

A．They left their pets with neighbors.

B．They rented their house to a student.

C．They hired someone to stay in their home.

D．They asked their gardener to watch their house.

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第9题

The “war for talent” reads like headlines from many years ago, but it has never gone away says Eleanor Nickerson,

director of UK operations for Top Employers. Many companies they have researched are short of talents. Though the companies may receive many applications, they can not find the people they want.

Top Employers’ research show that offering good career chances is the key to attracting and keeping the talent. Smart employees know their own value and will want to know what their employers can offer them after five or 10 years’ career development. So, keeping staff is the biggest challenge employers face in the long run.

Yet not every employee feels that they can better their career chances. Some are still nervous about losing their jobs, despite a recent fall in unemployment, says the Trades Union Congress (TUC). TUC points out that some four-fifths of new jobs created have been in parts of the economy where average pay rates are less than £8 an hour since the recession began. Many of these jobs are on temporary or zero-hours contracts.

A report from the Office for National Statistics published in February showed that real wages have been falling consistently since 2010. It’s the longest period since at least 1964. “We’re still in the hardest living standards squeeze for over a century and those who are already working have had years of real-terms pay cuts,” says TUC spokesperson Liz Chinchen. “Understanding the pressures that staff face is a good starting point for any employer. If employers want to show concern for their staff, they should be paying them well and understand that zero-hours contracts bring insecurity and extreme money worries.”

1.According to research by Top Employers, many corporations have enough talents for their development.

2.The data shows the key to attracting talents is to offer high salary.

3.The biggest challenge for employers to is keeping staff in the long run.

4.Not all employees believe that they can get a better offer.

5.The wages have been rising consistently since 2010.

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第10题

A recent study shows that more and more Americans are choosing to work at home.There are s

A recent study shows that more and more Americans are choosing to work at home.

There are several reasons for the change. One reason is many parents want more time to be with their children at home. Another is that people want the freedom to decide for them- selves how and when to do their job. The chance to work at home lets people live wherever they wish—out in the country, perhaps. It also makes it possible for many others—disabled and other persons, new mothers-to do useful work and earn money.

About half the people who work at home operate their own business. They sell products or services. The other half works for companies. They may make things, such as clothes. Or they may do office work, such as copying letters. A smaller number work at highly skilled jobs as designers or engineers.

The revolution(革命) in computer technology is one of the main reasons for the change to working at home.

Computers are now used in almost every American workplace in offices, in factories, even on farms. Computers make it much easier and quicker to do any task that involves information: writing, counting, designing, planning, keeping records.

With computers, there is less need for people to come together to work. Computers can he linked by telephone lines with other computers far away. A worker can write a report or

add information to company records on a computer at home and then send the finished work to a computer in another city.

Americans already are using computers to do many different kinds of jobs at home. Many highly skilled workers, for example, ask their companies for the chance to work at least part of the time at home. They say they can think more clearly and be more creative in the quiet, peaceful atmosphere of their home.

Many engineers, writers and computer scientists are among those who now do at least part of their work at home, using a computer. Most of such professional workers, however, spend at least a day or two each week in the company office to discuss their work with oth- ers. Working at home is a good idea for some people in some industries. However, it does not work for everyone.

Some home workers have said their personal lives and work lives became too close. Some have said they needed to be with other people to develop new ideas. And others have said it is more difficult to get a better job with the company when you are not working in the company's office.

Lots of people hope to work at home so as to______.

A．get a higher pay

B．have enough time to stay with their children

C．have more time for rest

D．do more housework

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Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by compumation. Word processors and typist