Society is a collection of individuals () live together and are united through variou
A.while
B.which
C.who
D.what
A.while
B.which
C.who
D.what
A public good is one that a person can use without reducing the use of it for another person. One of the best example of a public good is national defense. One person can benefit form. our national defense without reducing another person's benefits. In fact, it is difficult to keep any person in our society from enjoying the benefits of national defense.
The market system does not work well in producing public goods. This is because a person who refuses to pay for a public good cannot be kept from using it. Suppose that the neighbors in a high crime area decide to hire a police force. Each neighbor, except Mrs. Smith, agrees to pay $100 a year for it. Mrs. Smith refuses to pay because she knows that if all the others pay the $100, the police will guard the area anyway. So Mrs. Smith can enjoy the services of the police force without paying $100.
The market system has no way to deal with this type of problem. For this reason, we cannot ask each person to make a direct payment in the form. of product price. Therefore, we collect money for public goods by using taxes.
According to the passage, public goods are______.
A.services enjoyed by all people
B.what we can buy and sell in public
C.products that we make for national defense
D.taxes paid by the people involved
The world's knowledge is said to be doubling (2)_____ eight years. This knowledge explosion is (3)_____ economic progress. The need to collect, analyze, and communicate (4)_____ quantities of information is Spawning new products and services, creating jobs, and widening career opportunities.
The information age is (5)_____ considered to be a phenomenon of the service sector of the economy, (6)_____ a product of heavy industry. Certainly, burgeoning information technologies are creating new capabilities (7)_____ knowledge-based service spheres. But changes just as dramatic are (8)_____ industry, giving people the opportunity to do challenging work in exciting new ways.
Manufacturing is a full participant in the information age. From design (9)_____ production, the manufacturing process has long been in formation-intensive. It always has required exacting communication to describe (10)_____ goes into products and how to make them, Now, computer technology is giving factory managers new capability to gather all of this information and (11)_____ it to control production.
Telecommunications are producing error-free communication between the design office (12)_____ the factory, computer-aided design is enabling engineers to evaluate product performance and manufacturing process (13)_____ video displays, before resources are committed to build and test prototypes. Techniques like these are bringing (14)_____ new advances in manufacturing productivity.
Just as coal fueled the transformation to an industrial society, (15)_____ microelectronics is powering the rise of the information age. Microelectronic information-management tools are strengthening U.S. industrial capability, (16)_____ remains vital to America's economic well being and national security.
More and more manufacturing companies are (17)_____ that the wise of information can give them a competitive edge. As companies emphasize (18)_____ information management, talented people will continue to find (19)_____ to make factories and milks sing with increased productivity.
In manufacturing as well as in services, information technology is a tool to (20)_____ human creativity into productivity.
A.as long as
B.so long as
C.just as
D.so far as
Florence Nightingale's two greatest life achievements-pioneering of nursing and the reform. of hospitals-were amazing considering that most Victorian women of her age group did not attend universities or pursue professional careers. It was her father, William Nightingale, who believed women, especially his children, should get an education. So Nightingale and her sister learned Italian, Latin, Greek, history, and mathematics. She in particular received excellent early preparation in mathematics.
During Nightingale's time at Scutari, she collected data and systematized record-keeping practices. Nightingale was able to use the data as a tool for improving city and military hospitals. Nightingale's calculations of the death rate showed that with an improvement of sanitary methods, deaths would decrease. In February, 1855, the death rate at the hospital was 42.7 percent of the cases treated. When Nightingale's sanitary reform. was implemented, the death rate declined. Nightingale took her statistical data and represented them graphically.
As Nightingale demonstrated, statistics provided an organized way of learning and lead to improvements in medical and surgical practices. She also developed a Model Hospital Statistical Form. for hospitals to collect and generate consistent data and statistics. She became a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society in 1858 and an honorary member of the American Statistical Association in 1874. Karl Pearson acknowledged Nightingale as a "prophetess" in the development of applied statistics.
What does the word "sanitation" mean in the passage?
A.Medication.
B.Cleanness.
C.Nursing.
D.Reforms