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By citing the fact that "the number had shrunk to 39 out of 220" (Line 3-4, Para

By citing the fact that "the number had shrunk to 39 out of 220" (Line 3-4, Para.2), the author sug- gests that _______.()

[A] the poverty in the middle-income countries is alleviated tremendously

[B] the life of children in the middle-income countries has become better

[C] poor people's living conditions don't change although the number reduced

[D] the financial aid to the world's poorest countries achieves great success

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更多“By citing the fact that "the n…”相关的问题
第1题

In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that " social epidemics" are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influential, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.

The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the "two-step flow of communication" : Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.

In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required at all.

The researchers' argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don' t interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.

Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. They found that the principal requirement for what is called "global cascades"—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.

By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to ().

A.analyze the consequences of social epidemics.

B.discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas.

C.exemplify people' s intuitive response to social epidemics.

D.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.

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第2题
Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists' onl
y job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.

This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil.

You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.

After all, what is the one modern form. of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.

People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.

Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate"! commanded the ads for the arthritis drug, before we found out it could in crease the risk of heart attacks.

What we forget—what our economy depends on is forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.

By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that ______.

A.poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music

B.art grow out of both positive and negative feeling

C.poets today are less skeptical of happiness

D.artist have changed their focus of interest

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第3题
Judging from the fact that the other scouts haven't arrived, they__________the bu

Judging from the fact that the other scouts haven't arrived, they__________ the bus.

A. might miss

B. could miss

C. must have missed

D. should have missed

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第4题
They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled. In fact they______ at all.A.needn't!

They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled. In fact they______ at all.

A.needn't! have gone

B.wouldn't have gone

C.mustn't have gone

D.might not have gone

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第5题
In fact Mrs. Smith ______ what the man had said.A.understoodB.was puzzled aboutC.was glad

In fact Mrs. Smith ______ what the man had said.

A.understood

B.was puzzled about

C.was glad to hear

D.didn't understand

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第6题
It doesn't alter the fact that he was the man ______ for the death of the little girl.A.ac

It doesn't alter the fact that he was the man ______ for the death of the little girl.

A.accounting

B.guilty

C.responsible

D.obliged

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第7题
John and I have been ______ for years. In fact, we haven't seen each other since high scho
ol.

A.out of touch

B.out of sight

C.out of work

D.out of business

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第8题
Thinking that you know______in fact you don't know is not a good idea.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.

Thinking that you know______in fact you don't know is not a good idea.

A.what

B.that

C.when

D.which

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第9题
The machine can't be made perfect overnight; in fact, it should be improved______.A.one af

The machine can't be made perfect overnight; in fact, it should be improved______.

A.one after another

B.right away

C.by turn

D.step by step

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第10题
Proverb is a supposedly wise saying usually in simple language expressing a fact or a t
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