题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
The term "mental food" (last sentence) refers to ______
A．books
B．grassland
C．brains
D．subjects
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We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses？ First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior. are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depress ants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifesting") because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.
Substance abuse (Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to "drug abuse" in that ______.
A．substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used
B．drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drug takers
C．alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine
D．many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous
Mentally buff, at any rate. This is a workout for your brain—an example of "neurobics", a movement that's gaining momentum among those looking to stay sharp as they age. Some psychologists claim that by adjusting your routine in small ways (like taking a different route to the grocery store or stimulating your senses with a new fragranced bath product), you can encourage neurons to build more connections to each other. Though scientists know little about the early stages of Alzheimer's, clinical evidence is starting to show that mental "exercises" like these may ward it off.
Neurobics got started with the 1999 book Keep Your Brain Alive by Duke University neurobiologist Larry Katz and writer Manning Rubin. Since then, the term has entered common usage (it's defined in at least one slang dictionary) and inspired numerous imitators. Entrepreneurs now offer courses that teach neurobic exercises alongside more traditional seminars on handling stress and expressing emotions. Corporate trainers like Mind Gym run employees through 90 minute "workouts" designed to in crease productivity. There's also the MyBrainTrainer.com site, a paid service that provides access to games like those used in psychological experiments to test cognitive ability. There's no evidence that these games are any better for you than, say, scrabble. But MyBrainTrainer creator Bruce Friedman says he gets a "neural buzz" from them—and he's taken each more than 1,600 times.
Still, it's a good bet that a simple change in routine will be just as effective. If that doesn't seem mentally wearing, consider how you go about most neurobic activities in ordinary life. Most likely, you're going through the motions—driving on roads you know by heart, swallowing down dinner with out savoring its taste or texture. Changing things will force you to pay attention to what you're doing. Even those who are skeptical about neurobics' potential for preventing Alzheimer's have to admit that isn't a bad thing.
By describing the process of a workout, the author intends to show
A．a healthy lifestyle.
B．a new way of exercise.
C．a new way of mental relaxation.
D．the life of a couch potato.
A.3 3 3
B.3 4 5
C.4 4 4
D.4 5 6
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart？ How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields？
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age pecks, rather tan simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing？". Steinberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership--that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions of skip.
Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test？
A．Answering philosophical questions.
B．Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
C．Telling the differences between certain concepts.
D．Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
Clearly， intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart？ How much of intelligence can be specified， and how much can we learn about it from neurology， genetics， computer science and other fields？
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score， even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms： the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales （both come in adult and children's version）。 Generally costing several hundred dollars， they are usually given only by psychologists， although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible， because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age pecks， rather tan simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests， such as the Scholastic Assessment Test （SAT） and the Graduate Record Exam （GRE）， capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life， argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing？”。 Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge， components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover， IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership sills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions， but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who bas toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters， whether it‘s knowing when to guess or what questions of skip.
第26题：Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test？
A．Answering philosophical questions.
B．Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
C．Telling the differences between certain concepts.
D．Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
A．Denial.
B．Affirmative.
C．Partial affirmative.
D．No opinion.
A.in the term of
B.in terms of
C.in term of
D.in a term of
It is clear that computers have ______ mental abilities to many animals.
A．superioring
B．superiored
C．superior
D．more superior
