Which air is used to feed the HPTACC system()
A.Fan air
B.HP compressor 5th stage air
C.HP compressor 4th and 9th stage air
A.Fan air
B.HP compressor 5th stage air
C.HP compressor 4th and 9th stage air
The heated air above a fire rises in a pillar of smoke and burnt gases, pulling fresh air in from the sides to replace it. Firefighters use this fact when they "fight fire with fire." They start a fire well in front of the one which they are fighting. Instead of traveling on in front of the huge fire, the smaller fire is pulled back toward it by the updrafts of the larger blaze. As it travels back to meet the large fire, the smaller backfire burns away the fuel that the forest fire needs to survive.
Even when a backfire has been well set, however, the fire may still win the struggle. The wind which the firefighters used to help them may now become their enemy. When the backfire meets the main fire, before both die for lack of fuel, there is tremendous flame, great heat and wild winds. A strong gust may blow the fire into the treetops beyond the area, giving the fire new fuel and a new life.
This passage focuses on ______.
A.how fires start
B.damage caused by fire
C.the fascination of fire
D.fighting forest fires
According to the writer, the main problem to our environment today is______.
A.the increase of population
B.the limited energy resources
C.the more serious air pollution
D.the development of technology
During World War II the British used a practical application of this principle to detect German planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy was near the target. They used radio waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force(RAF) always seemed to the puzzled Germans to by lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprised. It was radio echoes more than anything else that won the Battle of Britain.
Since the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send them (their rage of flight, in other words) , the device was called "radio directing and ranging" , and from the initials the word "radar" was coined.
Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to estimate the______.
A.height of the hill
B.speed of sound
C.distance to the hill
D.intensity of sound
When faced with the decision of selecting a mode of transportation, the exporter has five basic types available from which to choose, depending, of course, upon the geographicalproximity[1] of the countries of export and import: ocean, air, rail, truck, and inland water. A sixth alternative is pipeline which transports very specialized products. The choice between available methods of transportation is usually determined by a combination of cost , time , and security.
Ocean transportation is by far the most dominant mode of international transportation , and air transport is the most " glamorous" and fastest growing. The significance of the other basic types of international transportation varies depending upon the countries involved. For example,rail and truck shipments do not constitute a significant portion of the export transactions of the United States, except perhaps for those that involve buyers in Canada. In contrast,these transport modes carry large amounts of export goods among the countries of Europe. Similarly,inland waterways are not important carriers of goods between countries except in Europe where waterways such as the Rhine and Danube rivers carry large amounts of goods among the countries through which they flow. Often the use of these relatively less important modes of transport depends upon the nature of specific products in unique geographic situations. The use of trucks to haul fresh produce from northem Mexico to the United States illustrates this practice.
Ocean transportation is widely used because it is a relatively low-cost way to transport goods, and it can easily handle large shipments. In addition, certain geographic conditions may make it impossible to use overland transportation to some foreign markets andinfeasible[2] to use it to others.
Many diverse types of products are being transported to foreign markets by air in large volume-computers, office machines, electrical and electronic equipment, automobile parts, television sets,pharmceuticals[3], certain metal manufactures, and wearing apparel to name but a few. Thus , even with existing technology, it is evident that air cargo movements are no longer confined to fast shipments of emergency supplies, goods of high value , (for example ,jewel) and perishable products (for example , fresh flowers) , although it is widely used for such products. Not only is time in transit reduced from a minimum of 10 days to a few hours, but also less handling and simpler packing requirements are involved.
Time in transit is but one of the so-called hidden costs that may be relevant. For example,concerning time in transit and the ability to put a f'acility to use sooner (thus avoiding lost sales) ,a West German company bought 230hosiery-knitting machines[4] from a US manufacturer. The machines were shipped by air at a cost of USD 224 per unit which was considerably greater than the ocean rate of USD37. 80 per unit. Delivery time was shortened by 10 days giving the Cerman manuf'acturer the opportunity to produce 207 000 pairs of hosiery, which apparently offset the transportation cost.
Small shipments may be sent by intemational parcel post, air parcel post, or air couner service rather than pay the higher minimum bill of lading charges for ocean freight or air shipment. While larger shipments are charged on the basis of weight or measurement,very small shipments are charged a set flat fee because of the costs involved in documentation and handling.
The method of transportation is usually selected by the importer. The route selected for the export shipment may be determined by either the exporter or the importer. In practice , the importer should indicate the route he or she thinks is most desirable. The final selection of the exact route,however,should generally be left to thediscretion[5] of the exporter, since the exporter is more fully acquainted with conditions surrounding the shipment in the country from which it is sent, and particularly the immediate conditions at time of shipment.
[1]接近
[2]不可行的
[3]医药的
[4]针织品编织机
[5]判断力
Questions for reading :
As you aye doubtless, (7)_____, a considerable number of our students have (8)_____ in effort to (9)_____ the university to ban smoking in the classroom. I believe they are (10)_____ right in their aim. (11)_____ I would hope that it is (12)_____ to achieve this by (13)_____ on the smokers to use good judgment and show concern (14)_____ others rather than regulation. Smoking is (15)_____ by law in theater and in halls used for (16)_____ films as well as in laboratories where there (17)_____ be a fire hazard. Elsewhere, it is up to your good sense.
I am (18)_____ asking you to maintain (19)_____ in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the nonsmokers health and well-being in (20)_____, which is very important to a large number of our students.
A.Still
B.More
C.Again
D.Further
As you are doubtlessly【C7】______ , a considerable number of our students have 【C8】______ in an effort to 【C9】______ the university to ban smoking in the classrooms. I believe they are 【C10】______ tight in their aim.【C11】______ , I would hope that it is【C12】______ to achieve this by【C13】______ the smokers to use good judgment and show concern 【C14】______ others rather than by regulations.
Smoking is【C15】______ by City laws in theaters and in hails used for【C16】______ films as well as in laboratories where【C17】______ be a fire hazard. Elsewhere, it is up to your good sense. I'm【C18】______ asking you to maintain 【C19】______ in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the non-smoker's health and well-being【C20】______ , which is very important.
【C1】
A.Still
B.More
C.Again
D.Further
As a source of power, water is virtually inexhaustible. Its power is ultimately derived from the force of gravity and from the sun. It is the sun's energy that warms the sea and the land and causes water to evaporate into the air; later the moisture in the air condenses and falls in the form. of rain or snow. Much of the water that falls on the land flows back to the sea. The downward flow of the water exerts considerable pressure, and it is at this point in the water cycle that we can capture some of its power.
The earliest method of exploiting this power was to make water turn a wheel. This system in which the force of water was used directly, had one great disadvantage. Factories which used it had to be built on the banks of fast flowing streams, but these were often located in inaccessible, thinly populated areas, which made transportation of goods difficult.
When the steam engine was invented, it soon replaced flowing water as a source of power, new factories sprang up in the coal fields. Coal and oil—reserve of power also ultimately derived from the sun—are not always found in accessible places, but they have the advantage of being portable.
In the 20th century the situation changed and water once more became a vital source of power. Methods were devised for producing electricity from the energy of rivers. Once the initial capital has been recovered, electricity from this source is usually cheaper than oil and coal, which are expensive to extract and transport. The great advantage of hydroelectric power is that nature constantly renews the water that provides the power. Coal and oil are fuels that can only be used once.
Not all rivers are ideal for generating electricity. A suitable river must have an adequate flow of water, and ideally there should be a steep fall. A steep waterfall is ideal, because it concentrates the energy of gravity into a short distance. The amount of water in the river, moreover, should not vary too much from season to season. This means that there must be adequate rainfall throughout the year. The river must be fairly near the industrial centers which will utilize its power, for the greater the distance the electricity has to travel, the more power is wasted.
Waterfalls can be constructed or enlarged by engineers. This is done by altering the slope or level of rivers at certain places, in order to concentrate a heavy fall of water at a chosen location. An artificial waterfall thus obtained is usually regulated by a dam. Projects of this kind, harnessing the flow of rivers are in process of construction in Egypt, Australia, and many other countries.
Japan is a country that relies on hydroelectric power. Her available coal resources proved inadequate for her industrial development and she was obliged to import fuel to drive machinery. But Japan is a mountainous country with abundant rainfall and a dense concentration of population, she has developed her resources of hydroelectricity to a greater extent than other Asian countries.
Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A.when the steam engine was invented, it soon replaced water as a source of power, so water was useless for a certain period
B.Factories could be built far from coal fields, because coal is portable
C.It was convenient to build a factory in the coal fields
D.Japan is a country that relies on hydroelectric power
In country after country, talk of nonsmokers' rights is in the air. This fresh voice is heard from Australia to Sweden. Its force is freeing clean air for nonsmokers -- and tightening the situation for smokers.
While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking abuse. Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers, or to cut cigarette consumption.
In many developing nations, however, cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress -- and is even encouraged. While it appears that in developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has become stabilized, there are some indications that it is still rising at a steady pace in Latin America.
Despite progress in segregating (分开) nonsmokers and smokers, most countries see little change in the number of smokers. In fact, there is a jump in the number of girls and young women starting to smoke.
So far, any cooperation between tobacco interests and governments' campaigns against smoking has been in the area of tobacco advertising.
Restrictions on cigarette ads, plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places, are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing (抑制) smoking.
But world attention also is focusing on other steps which will:
-- Prevent pro-smoking scenes on TV and films.
-- Remove cigarette vending machines.
-- Make it illegal to sell or hand over tobacco products to minors.
-- Boost cigarette prices with higher tobacco taxes.
When you are traveling around the world, you will find that ______.
A.the topic of nonsmokers' rights is a hot issue for discussion
B.the expression "Don't puff on me" is posted everywhere
C.few countries pay attention to nonsmokers' rights
D.smokers are forced to give up smoking to keep the air clean
The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whether there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important past of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.
The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.
According to the author, the importance of green-spaces in the urban environment ______.
A.is still unknown
B.is usually neglected
C.is being closely studied
D.has been full recognized
Express air shipping isn't in a death spiral. But recession-spooked consumers and manufacturers are less willing to pay for overnight delivery, which is three to five times more expensive than ground shipping. Even when they pay, satisfaction is not guaranteed. After September 11, security scrutiny of air freight can result in long delays—which means roads may actually be faster. That's another reason why the number of packages shipped by air domestically fell 7.6% in 2001. And even with the recovery under way, air express volume is forecast to rebound by just 3% this year. "There's a mass migration from air to trucks," says Jerry Levy, marketing director for air shipper Bax Global Inc.
The industry's giants are ready to roll with the change. In the past several years, FedEx and UPS have rebuilt their ground networks as a series of regional hubs able to deliver most packages overnight within a 700 mile radius. "Now, we can move a package in the most expedient way ground or air or a combination of both," says Tom Weidemeyer, UPS' chief operating officer and president of its airline unit. New technologies—including bar coding, satellite tracking, online billing and status—are easing the transition. Even impatient customers are willing to do without overnight delivery "if they know when a shipment will arrive," notes Brian Clancy, a principal at industry consultant Merge-Global Inc.
The grounding of so much freight is solidifying the lead of UPS and FedEx. "We're able to keep business in the family that we might have lost," says William Margaritis, FedEx's corporate vice-president for worldwide communications. His company has invested $700 million in a new ground-delivery network while deferring the delivery of 123 aircraft. And strict new security requirements have forced the passenger airlines to stop carrying packages for the U.S. Postal Service, notes Richard Lung, director of revenue management at United Airlines Inc.'s cargo unit. And small shippers, whether air or truck, lack the capital to build hybrid networks. "We got caught with our pants down," says Levy of Bax Global, which added a ground-delivery unit in 2000. Slow and steady really does win the race.
We can learn from the beginning of the text that
A.customers used to attach importance to fancy packaging.
B.there is a radical change in customers' considerations.
C.it is high time that delivery service would better quality.
D.customers now tend to choose speed over cost savings.