题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Which country's way of communication made use of visible signs？
A. French
B. Roman
C. African
D. American
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【C4】______ , we Americans seem to be 【C5】______ to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have 【C6】______ it to Heaven when we 【C7】______ enough.
And at the same time the 【C8】______ of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately 【C9】______ .
Advertising is one of our major 【C10】______ , and advertising exists not to 【C11】______ desires but to create them--and to create them faster than any man's 【C12】______ can satisfy them. We are taught that to 【C13】______ is to be happy, and then we are 【C14】______ to want. We are even told it is our 【C15】______ to want. It was only a few years ago, to 【C16】______ a single example, that car dealers across the country were flying banners that 【C17】______ "You Auto Buy Now". They were calling 【C18】______ Americans, as an act approaching patriotism, to buy at once, 【C19】______ money they did not have, automobiles they did not really need, and which they would be required to grow tired of by the time the next year's 【C20】______ were released.
【C1】
A．pursue
B．persist
C．preserve
D．prevail
When importing goods into any country, a company must be totally familiar with the customs operations of the importing country. In this context, "customs" refers to the country's import and export procedures and restrictions, not its cultural aspects. The primary duties of the US Customs Service, for example, are "the assessment and collection of all duties, taxes, and fees on imported merchandise, the enforcement of customs and related laws, and the administration of certain navigation laws and treaties". As a major enforcement organization, it "combats smuggling and frauds on the revenue and enforces the regulations of numerous other Federal agencies at port of entry and along the land sea borders of the United States". An importer needs to know how to clear goods, the duties that must be paid, and special laws that exist.
When merchandise reaches the port of entry, the importer must file documents with customs officials in which a tentative value and tariff classification are assigned to the merchandise. The US govemment has over 10 000 tariff classifications, and about 60% of them are subject to interpretation. That is, a particular product could fit more than one classification. In these cases, customs officials examine the goods to determine whether there are any restrictions on their importation. If there are none, the importer pays the duty and the goods are released. The amount of the duty depends on the product's country of origin, the type of product, and other factors.
A broker or other import consultant can help an importer minimize import duties by doing the following :
(1) Valuing products in such a way that they qualify for more favorable duty treatment. Different product categories have different duties. Finished goods usually have a higher duty than do parts and components.
(2)Qualifying for duty refunds through drawback provision. Some exporters use in their manufacturing process imported parts and components on which they paid a duty. In the United States, the drawback provision allows exporters to apply for a refund of 99% of the duty on the imported goods, provided the goods are used in the manufacture of goods that are exported.
(3) Deferring duties by using bonded warehouses and foreign trade zones. Companies do not have to pay duties on imports stored in bonded warehouses and foreign trade zones until the goods are removed for sale or used in a manufacturing process.
(4) Limiting liability by properly marking an import's country of origin. Governments assess duties on imports based in part on the country of origin, a lower duty on an import may be had by ensuring that the import's country of origin is accurate. In the United States, if an article or its container is not properly marked when it enters the country, a marking duty equal to 10% of the customs value of the article is assessed.
A direct identification drawback is permitted on imported merchandise that is actually used to manufacture goods for export, provided the imported goods are not used for final consumption domestically and are exported within a certain period of the import date. Sometimes domestic merchandise is substituted for merchandise that was imported for eventual export, in which case substitution drawback is permitted for duties on the imported merchandise.
Questions for reading :
Professor Faulkner wanted to find out why healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and to reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.
He set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and occupations.
Computer technology enabled him to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front andside sections of the brain, which relate to intelligence and emotion, and determine the human character.
Contraction of front and side parts--as cells die off--was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds.
Faulkner concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to slow the contraction--using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Faulkner, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White-collar workers doing routine work are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.
Faulkner's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. "The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain," he says. "Think hard and engage in conversstion, Don't rely on pocket calculators."
Professor Faulkner wanted to find out ______.
A．how people's brains shrink
B．the way of making people live longer
C．the size of certain people's brains
D．why certain people aged sooner than others
听力原文： To find out how the name Canada came about we must go back to the 16th century. At that time the French dreamed of discovering and controlling more land, of expanding trade beyond their borders and of spreading their faith across the world. In 1535, Francois I, King of France, ordered a navigator named Jacques Cartier to explore the New World and search for a passage to India.
Cartier first arrived at the Gulf of the St. Lawrence, which he wanted to explore. He did not know what to expect but he hoped that this Gulf was just an arm of the ocean between two islands, if it was, be would soon be on his way to the Far East. So he sailed upstream along the St. Lawrence River. However, instead of reaching Asia he arrived at Quebec or Stadacona, as the Indians called it. It was at this point that the term "Canada" entered the country's history. Apparently the word "Canada" came from an Indian word Kanata, which means community or village. Cartier first used it when he referred to Stadacona or Quebec. What a huge village Canada is!
(33)
A．To build a new country.
B．To explore the New World.
C．To get in touch with the American Indians.
D．To know more about France.
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a responsible way？ On the other hand, America was always a country that offered financial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags to riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic-was an unnecessary detour.
Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success without much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial success is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.
Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer subjects.
In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be even more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.
26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.
A) education in general
B) Americans' attitudes
C) higher education
D) American education
27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.
A) certain B) contradictory
C) ambitious D) unclear
28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.
A) higher education B) public education
C) responsible citizens D) learning the basics
29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.
A) information is our only product
B) education in the future will be specialized
C) we are entering an age of information
D) we are living in an age of information
30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage？
A) The History of American Education.
B) The Need for Specialized Education.
C) The Future of the American Educational System.
D) Attitudes toward American Education.
More than half of the 1000 holiday-makers interviewed said they had decided to send fewer cards, turning instead to their electronic rivals. A quarter of the respondents (受调查者) regard postcards as old-fashioned and slow to arrive. A further 14% admitted that thinking of something to fill the space was too challenging, compared with a call home.
Although officially invented by a Hungarian, Emanuel Herrmann, in 1869, the idea of illustrated cards was taken up with most enthusiasm in Victorian Britain, joining Gothic architecture and landscape gardening as fields for which the country was famous.
"If the British postcard did disappear, we would lose forever something of great importance to the nation, "said Chris Mottershead of Thomson Holidays, which did the survey. He was backed by Marie Angelou of Sussex University, who has investigated the importance of sending and receiving postcards. "Postcards are nothing like phone calls, instant messages and direct photo shots via the mobile, "she said. "All these are useful, practical devices, but postcards offer something else, something additional that is not simply functional, but imaginative and personal. They can create the real atmosphere of your holiday in a way that nothing else can do. They are also for more than a moment—with some people adding them to collections built up over years and years.
Who first got the idea of illustrated cards？
A．Emanuel Herrmann.
B．Victorian Britain.
C．Chris Mottershead.
D．Marie Angelou.
An owl(猫头鹰) is a bird. There are two basic types of owls: typical owls and barn owls. Owls live in almost every country of the world.
Owls are mostly nocturnal, meaning they are awake at night. Owls are predators——they hunt the food that they eat. Owls hunt for mice and other small mammals, insects, and even fish. Owls are well adapted for hunting. Their soft feathers make their flight nearly silent. They have very good hearing, which helps them to hunt well in the darkness. The sharp hooked beaks and claws of the owl make it very easy to tear apart prey quickly, although owls also eat some prey whole.
Owl eyes are unusual. Like most predators, both of the owl's eyes face front. The owl cannot move its eyes. Owls are far-sighted, which means they can see very well far away, but they can't see up close very well at all. Fortunately, their distant vision is what they use for hunting, and they can see far away even in low light.
Owl can turn their heads 180 degrees. This makes it look like they might be able to turn their heads all the way around, but 180 degrees is all the owl needs to see what's going on all around him.
(66) Perhaps because of the owl's mysterious appearance, especially its round eyes and flexible neck, there are a lot of myths and superstitions (迷信) about owls. Many cultures believe that owls are unusually wise. Because owls are nocturnal, some cultures associate owls with bad omens. However, owls probably do not interact with the fates of humans at all. In fact, some owl species may become extinct because of humans.
Which of the following is NOT true about owls？
A．Owls eat small animals.
B．Owls are able to fly silently.
C．Owls have very poor vision.
D．Owls have flexible necks.
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
She was French; he was English; they had just moved to London from Paris. When he found out about her affair, she begged for a reconciliation. He was more ruthless: the same afternoon, he filed for divorce in France, one of the stingiest jurisdictions in Europe for the non-earning spouse and where adultery affects the court's ruling. Had she filed first in England her conduct would have been irrelevant, and she would have had a good chance of a large share of the marital assets, and even maintenance for life.
International divorce is full of such dramas and anomalies, so the natural response of policymakers is to try to make things simpler and more predictable. But the biggest attempt in recent years to do just that, in a European agreement called Rome Ⅲ, has just been shelved. Instead, several EU countries are now pressing ahead with their own harmonisation deal. Many wonder if it will work any better.
At issue is the vexed question of which country's law applies to the break-up of a mixed marriage. The spouses may live long-term in a third country and be temporarily working in a fourth. The worst way to sort that out is with expensive legal battles in multiple jurisdictions.
The main principle at present is that the first court to be approached hears the case. Introduced in 2001, this practice has worked well in preventing international legal battles, but has made couples much more trigger-happy, because the spouse who hesitates in order to save a troubled marriage may lose a huge amount of money. Rome III aimed to remove the incentive to go to court quickly. Instead, courts in any EU country would automatically apply the local law that had chiefly governed the marriage. This approach is already in force in countries such as the Netherlands. A couple that moved there and sought divorce having spent most of the marriage in France, say, would find a Dutch court dividing assets and handling child custody according to French law.
That works fine among continental European countries where legal systems, based on Roman law, leave little role for precedent or the judge's discretion. You can look up the rules on a website and apply them. But it is anathema in places such as England, where the system favours a thorough (and often expensive) investigation of the details of each case, and then lets judges decide according to previous cases and English law.
Another snag is that what may suit middle-class expatriates in Brussels (who just happened to be the people drafting Rome Ⅲ) may not suit, for example, a mixed marriage that has mainly been based in a country, perhaps not even an EU member, with" a sharply different divorce law. Swedish politicians don't like the idea that their courts would be asked to enforce marriage laws based on, say, Islamic sharia.
The threat of vetoes from Sweden and like-minded countries has blocked Rome Ⅲ. But a group of nine countries, led by Spain and France, is going ahead. They are resorting to a provision in EU rules-never before invoked-called " enhanced co-operation" This sets a precedent for a "multi-speed'" Europe in which like-minded countries are allowed to move towards greater integration, rather than seeking a "big-bang" binding treaty that scoops up the willing and unwilling alike. Some countries worry that using enhanced co-operation will create unmanageable layers of complexity, with EU law replaced by multiple adhoc agreements.
The real lesson may be that Rome III was just too ambitious. A more modest but useful goal would be simply to clarify the factors that determine which court hears a divorce, and then let that court apply its own law. David Hodson, a British expert, proposes an international deal that
A．Divorce filed in England will be advantageous.
B．France stipulates rigid laws towards divorce.
C．In Europe international divorce cases always encounter the problem that which country's law is applicable.
D．International marriages shall be discouraged due to the complexity in divorce affairs.
In the past half century Southdale and its many imitators have transformed shopping habits, urban economies and teenage speech. America now has some 1,100 enclosed shopping malls, according to the International Council of Shopping Centres. Clones have appeared from Chennai to Martinique. Yet the mall's story is far from triumphal. Invented by a European socialist who hated cars and came to deride his own creation, it has a murky future. While malls continue to multiply outside America, they are gradually dying in the country that pioneered them.
Southdale's creator arrived in America as a refugee from Nazi-occupied Vienna. Victor Gruen was a Jewish bohemian who began to design shops for fellow immigrants in New York after failing in cabaret theatre. His work was admired partly for its uncluttered, modernist look, which seemed revolutionary in 1930s America. But Gruen's secret was the way he used arcades and eye-level display cases to lure customers into stores almost against their will. As a critic complained, his shops were like mousetraps. A few years later the same would be said of his shopping malls.
By the 1940s department stores were already moving to the suburbs. Some had begun to build adjacent strips of shops, which they filled with boutiques in an attempt to re-create urban shopping districts. In 1947 a shopping centre opened in Los Angeles featuring two department stores, a cluster of small shops and a large car park. It was, in effect, an outdoor shopping mall. Fine for balmy southern California, perhaps, but not for Minnesota's harsh climate. Commissioned to build a shopping centre at Southdale in 1956, Gruen threw a roof over the structure and installed an air-conditioning system to keep the temperature at 75°F (24℃)—which a contemporary press release called "Eternal Spring". The mall was born.
Gruen got an extraordinary number of things right first time. He built a sloping road around the perimeter of the mall, so that half of the shoppers entered on the ground floor and half on the first floor-something that became a standard feature of malls. Southdale's balconies were low, so that shoppers could see the shops on the floor above or below them. The car park had animal signs to help shoppers remember the way back to their vehicles. It was as though Orville and Wilbur Wright had not just discovered powered flight but had built a plane with tray tables and a duty-free service.
According to the text, which of the following is TRUE？
A．Southdale will be closed soon.
B．Shopping malls are flourishing all over the world.
C．After long time of prosperity, shopping malls in US is gradually declining.
D．Shopping mall is an American creation.
