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When you buy a stamp, you also buy service from the post office. You get the letter sent by post. After the stamp has done its work, the post office says it is worthless. You must buy a new one for each letter you send.
But people often pay money for stamps that have already been used. Stamp collectors have fun just trying to collect as many different kinds as possible. Certain kinds are hard to find. To get one of these uncommon stamps, some collectors are willing to pay a great deal of money. They think it is worth something, and that gives it value, If you Collect stamps because they are especially beautiful or tell an interesting story or show all kinds of animals, then those are the ones that have value to you.
When you post a letter, you must buy ______.
A．a ten - fen stamp
B．a new stamp
C．a twenty - fen stamp
D．a stamp worth 10 fen or more
No one knows exactly how many disabled (残废的) people there are in the world, but estimates suggest the figure is over 450 million. The number of disabled people in India alone is probably more than double the total population of Canada.
In the United Kingdom, about one in ten people have some disability. Disability is not just something that happens to other people. As we get older, many of us will become less mobile (可动的), hard of hearing or have failing eyesight.
Disablement can take many forms and occur at any time of life. Some people are born with disabilities. Many others become disabled as they get older. There are many progressive disabling diseases. The longer time goes on, the worse they become. Some people are disabled in accidents. Many others may have a period of disability in the form. of a mental illness. All are affected by people's attitude towards them.
Disabled people face many physical barriers. Next time you go shopping or to work or visit friends, imagine how you would manage if you could not get up steps, or on to buses and trains. How would you cope if you could not see where you were going or could not hear the traffic？ But there are other barriers: prejudice can be even harder to break down and ignorance inevitably represents by far the greatest barrier of all. It is almost impossible for the able-bodied to fully appreciate what the severely disabled go through, so it is important to draw attention to these barriers and show that it is the individual person and their ability, not their disability, which counts.
The first paragraph points out that ______.
A．it is possible to get an exact figure of the world's disabled people
B．there are many disabled people in the world
C．the number of disabled people in India is the greatest
D．India has not much more disabled people than Canada
Passage Three
No one knows exactly how many disabled (残废的) people there are in the world, but estimates suggest the figure is over 450 million. The number of disabled people in India alone is probably more than double the total population of Canada.
In the United Kingdom, about one in ten people have some disability. Disability is not just something that happens to other people. As we get older, many of us will become less mobile (可动的), hard of hearing or have failing eyesight.
Disablement can take many forms and occur at any time of life. Some people are born with disabilities. Many others become disabled as they get older. There are many progressive disabling diseases. The longer time goes on, the worse they become. Some people are disabled in accidents. Many others may have a period of disability in the form. of a mental illness. All are affected by people's attitude towards them.
Disabled people face many physical barriers. Next time you go shopping or to work or visit friends, imagine how you would manage if you could not get up steps, or on to buses and trains. How would you cope if you could not see where you were going or could not hear the traffic？ But there are other barriers: prejudice can be even harder to break down and ignorance inevitably represents by far the greatest barrier of all. It is almost impossible for the able-bodied to fully appreciate what the severely disabled go through, so it is important to draw attention to these barriers and show that it is the individual person and their ability, not their disability, which counts.
41. The first paragraph points out that ______.
A. it is possible to get an exact figure of the world's disabled people
B. there are many disabled people in the world
C. the number of disabled people in India is the greatest
D. India has not much more disabled people than Canada
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
Scholars and students have always been great travellers. The official case for "academic mobility" is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.
Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.
In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.
Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.
In addition one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.
Frequently these specializations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.
But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.
According to the passage, scholars and students are great travellers because______.
A．standards are higher at foreign universities
B．their governments encourage them to travel
C．salaries and conditions are better abroad
D．they are eager for new knowledge
While the supermarkets have been moving in the direction of self-service in exchange for lower prices, smaller enterprises have sprung up to supply home service to those who want it, especially to the many people who now live in rural or suburban areas. Our country district is visited regularly by a grocer, a greengrocer, several bakers, a dispenser of frozen foods and there ice cream men, not to mention the occasional salesman of brushes, insurance, magazines or cars, and that absolutely indispensable country institution, the rural letter carrier.
The accent on service suggests an attempt to blend (混合) the two conflicting foes in the national character-the hard-headed (固执的) drive for business success and the soft religiously inspired urge to serve others. As the recipients of such services we in turn find ourselves wanting to support them all, for if they are taking the trouble to serve us it seems only fair that they should be helped to succeed.
Which of following best describes the main idea of the passage？ ______.
A．Americans are the best served in the world
B．The production of services in America has risen from 25% to 35%
C．Supermarkets have moved in the right direction of self-service
D．Service as an ideal of American people has entered into many fields of lives of Americans
A.manipulation
B.disciplines
C.principles
D.experiments
For example, it is recorded in many history books that people who lived over 3000 years ago ate salted fish. Thousands of years ago in Egypt, salt was used to preserve the dead.
In some periods of history, a person who stole salt was thought to have broken the law. Take the eighteenth century for example, if a person was caught stealing salt, he would be thrown into prison. History also records that only in England about ten thousand people were put into prison during that century for stealing salt! About 450 years ago, in the year 1553, if a man took more than his share of salt, he would be thought to have broken the law and would be seriously punished. The offender's ear was cut off.
Salt was an important item on the dinner table of a king. It was always put in front of the king when he sat down to eat. Important guests at the king's table were seated near the salt. Less important guests were given seats farther away from it.
Thousands of years ago in Egypt salt was used ______.
A．to punish people who had broken the law
B．to keep dead bodies from decay
C．to keep fish alive
D．to make chemicals
Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four. Infants sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily, the amount gradually going less as they grow older. Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten. A worker with a physically demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executive working under pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people are repute to have required little sleep. Napoleon Bonaparte, Thomas Edison, and Charles Darwin apparently averaged only four to six hours a night.
(77) Whatever your individual need, you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total of more than twelve years. By that age you will also have developed a sleep routine; a favorite hour, a favorite bed, a favorite posture (姿势), and a formula (程式) you need to follow in order to rest comfortably.
(78)Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached more than 115 hours nearly five days. Whatever the limit, it is absolute. Animals kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The limit for human beings is probably about a week.
The writer implies that ______.
A．sleep is important for good mental and physical health
B．a light sleep is as restful as a deep sleep
C．memory is improved during sleep
D．sleep is relatively unimportant for human beings
A) regulations
B) rules
C) disciplines
D) principles
Passage Five
The Northern Pike is a very bad fish. It is a big, hungry fish, and swallows little fish such as trout and perch. Many Northern Pikes live in Lake Davis. They are killing all the smaller fish in the lake. The Northern Pike are a serious threat to the lake because they eat all the smaller fish. Soon, all other species of fish in the lake will be killed off. This is not healthy for the environment.
Experts are afraid that the Northern Pike will swim out of Lake Davis through many smaller rivers that feed into the lake. They could spread all over the country and damage many other water environments. If that happens, it would be too late to stop the Northern Pike.
For ten years, officials have been trying to remove the Northern Pike from Lake Davis. They haw. tried using nets, explosives and poisons. However, the Northern Pike population is still doing well in Lake Davis. Many people do not like the idea of using poison to kill the fish. They worry that the poi- sons are bad for humans who use the water. No trace of the poisons has ever been found in local wells, however.
Scientists are going to try the poison again. This time, they will drain the lake before they add the poison to the water. A public hearing will be held to talk about the problem.
52. Why are some people against the use of poisons to kill Northern Pike？
A. Fishermen will be poisoned too.
B. The poisons are expensive.
C. They think that wells will be polluted.
D. The lake will become unsafe.
