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A recently published systematic review nicely summarizes that().

A recently published systematic review nicely summarizes that（).

A.the huge variety of bonding methods used on dental oxide ceramics and their results in laboratory bond strength testing.

B.published clinical trials on bonded oxide ceramic restorations and correlate their results with that of laboratory bond strength testing use the same bonding methods as in the clinical trials.

C. 23 different surface treatments that had been tested still with a wide variation of specific conditions.

D. the vast amount of laboratory research it really is still a significant problem in dentistry to bond reliably to oxide ceramics such as alumina and zirconia ceramics.

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更多“A recently published systemati…”相关的问题

第1题

Mary‘s strong love for her country is ____________ in his recently published poems.

A.relieved

B.reflected

C.responded

D.recovered

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第2题

Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps【C1】______Sunday that he had【C2】______in "regrettable" behav

ior. and "demonstrated bad【C3】______" after a photo was published that appeared to【C4】______him smoking cannabis(大麻制品). A British newspaper, The News of the World, published the【C5】______allegedly showing the multiple Olympic gold medal-winner inhaling from a glass pipe which is gene rally used to【C6】______the drug. "I engaged in behavior. which was regrettable and demonstrated bad judgment," Phelps said in a【C7】______, "Im 23 years old, and【C8】______the successes I have had in the【C9】______, I acted in a youthful and【C10】______way, not in a manner that people have come to expect from me." "For this, I am sorry. I promise my fans and the public—it will not happen again." The US Olympic Committee【C11】______disappointment in the swimmer, who on January 22 was named the USOCs Sportsman of the Year for making Olympic history in Guangzhou by collecting the most【C12】______won by any athlete at a single Games, giving him a total of 14 golds. "We are disappointed in the behavior. recently【C13】______by Michael Phelps." Michael is a role model, and he is well【C14】______of the responsibilities and accountability that come with setting a【C15】______example for others,【C16】______young people. In this instance, regrettably, he failed to【C17】______those responsibilities, the USOC said. The photograph shows Phelps,【C18】______a white T-shirt and a baseball cap back to front,【C19】______the pipe—known as a bong—to his lips and apparently inhaling. The tabloid(小报)quoted a party goer as saying: "You could tell Michael had smoked before. He grabbed the bong and a lighter and knew exactly【C20】______to do."

【C1】

A．declared

B．realized

C．admitted

D．promised

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第3题

Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70's, we

re primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased significantly.

A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air- borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic snow were declining.

In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus enabled scientists to differentiate the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.

In a study published in the. journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.

Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990.

The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.

Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

1. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US .

A、 was discouraged

B、was enforced by law

C、was prohibited by law

D、 was introduced

2. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists .

A、are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution

B、feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline

C、still consider lead pollution a problem

D、lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution

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第4题

The artist Andy Warhol famously said that he thought everybody would be famous for

The artist Andy Warhol famously said that he thought everybody would be famous for fifteen minutes, and with the increasing power of the internet, that’s 11 true today than ever. Anybody with an internet connection and a computer can now become a celebrity.

A celebrity is somebody who is only, or perhaps mostly famous through their presence 12 the internet, an internet personality who crosses over to the mainstream. A web celebrity. A celebrity.

As people rely on the internet more and more 13 their entertainment needs, it is becoming increasingly attractive 14 a platform. for new writing, music, film, and art. The writer Stephen King has published books only on the internet and some musicians get a recording contract through the popularity they build 15 on the web.

Recently an American newspaper, the Seattle PI [Post-Intelligencer] decided to _16 its paper copy and only publish online. As its audience grows, the internet is becoming more powerful in making people famous, and some videos which are 17_ on the internet become incredibly 18 , being seen by millions of people in a short space of time. This is 19 where a video of someone dancing and pretending to sing a famous song can get them 20 on TV shows and magazines. It’s an age of celebrity!

11. A. more B. less C. much D. little

12. A. in B. on C. at D. to

13. A. as B. like C. of D. for

14. A. like B. in C.as D. to

15. A. down B. on C. up D. into

16. A. adopt B. adept C. discard D. abandon

17. A. posted B. advertised C. communicated D. comprehend

18. A. popular B. perilous C. fabulous D. fantastic

19. A. a time B. a period C. an age D. a stage

20. A. a presence B. an appearance C. an outlook D. an expression

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第5题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.

While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.

Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.

All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able？ An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required.

This is tree even in politics. "When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently," says Anne Bow man, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.

The word "liability"(Para. 1) most probably means "______".

A．misfortune

B．instability

C．disadvantage

D．burden

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第6题

Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator wi

ll enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator(the television audience) will be the priority(优先) and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business.

The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainer's bench, from the stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. And at their disposal will be the same options the producer of the recorded program me has: to select replays, to choose which camera to use and to decide on the sound—whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on.

Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies, will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view: while there is more basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever.

It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest teams. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is the law of the market. The great events continually attract larger audiences.

The world is being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home, have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world.

The most visionary executives go further. Their philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport, why not have sports taken over television？

What does the writer mean by the use of the phrase "an indissoluble marriage" in the first paragraph？

A．Sport is combined with television.

B．Sport controls television.

C．Television dictates sport.

D．Sport and television will go their own ways.

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第7题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and respectable occupations. Personal consultants give better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.

While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.

Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.

Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.

All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Increasingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.

Why are attractive women not thought to be able？ An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required.

This is true even in politics. "When the one clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently," says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.

The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.

The word "liability" (Para. 1) most probably means______

A．misfortune

B．instability

C．disadvantage

D．burden

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第8题

An Organization that Supports the Arts Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole purpose of

An Organization that Supports the Arts

Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to "foster, assist and sustain an interest" in literature, music, and art. This it does by enthusiastically handing out money. Annual cash awards are given to deserving artists in various categories of creativity: architecture, musical composition, theater, novels, serious poetry, light verse, painting, sculpture. One award subsidizes a promising American writer' s visit to Rome. There is even an award for a very good work of fiction that failed commercially--once won by the young John Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and, more recently, by Alice Walker for In Love and Trouble.

The awards and prizes are total about 750,000 a year, but most of them range in size from 5,000 to 12,500, a welcome sum to many young practitioners whose work may not bring in that much money in a year. One of the advantages of the awards is that many go to the struggling artists, rather than to those who are already successful. Members of the Academy and Institute are not eligible for any cash prizes. Another advantage is that, unlike the National Endowment for the Arts or similar institutions throughout the world, there is no government money involved.

Awards are made by committee. Each of the three departments----Literature (120 members), Art (83), Music (47)-----has a committee dealing with its own field. Committee membership rotates every year, so that new voices and opinions are constantly heard. The most financially rewarding of all the Academy - Institute awards are the Mildred and Harold Strauss Livings. Harold Strauss, a devoted editor at Alfred A. Knopf, the New York publishing house, and Mildred Strauss, his wife, were wealthy and childless. They left the Academy -Institute a unique bequest: for five consecutive years, two distinguished (and financially needy) writers would receive enough money so they could devote themselves entirely to "prose literature" (no plays, no poetry, and no paying job that might distract). In 1983, the first Strauss Livings of 35,000 a year went to short -story writer Raymond Carver and novelist- essayist Cynthia Ozick. By 1988, the fund had grown enough so that two winners, novelists Diane Johnson and Robert Stone, each got 50,000 a year for five years.

Which of the following can be inferred about Alice Walker' s book In love and Trouble？

A．It sold more copies than The Poorhouse Fair.

B．It described the author' s visit to Rome.

C．It was a commercial success.

D．It was published after The Poorhouse Fair.

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第9题

Charles Darwin wed his cousin Emma and spawned 10 children, including four brilliant scien

tists. Albert Einstein’s second wife Elsa was his first cousin. Queen Victoria said “I do” to hers. So have millions worldwide. In parts of Saudi Arabia, 39% of all marriages are between first cousins.

In the U. S., though, the practice bears a stigma of inbreeding just this side of incest. The taboo is not only social hut legislative; 24 states ban the marriage of first cousins: five others allow it only if the couple is unable to bear children. A major reason for this ban is the belief that kids of first cousins are tragically susceptible to serious congenital illnesses.

That view may have to change. A comprehensive study published recently in the Journal of Genetic Counseling indicates such children run an only slightly higher risk of significant genetic disorders like congenital heart defects — about two percentage points above the average 3% to 4%. Says the study’s lead author, Robin Bennett, president-elect of the National Society of Genetic Counselors, which funded the study: “Aside from a thorough medical family history, there is no need to offer any genetic testing on the basis of consanguinity alone”.

Publication of the study will do more than tweak public awareness; it will enlighten doctors who have urged cousin couples not to have children. “Just this week,” says Bennett, “I saw a 23-year-old woman who had had a tubal ligation because her parents were cousins and her doctor told her she shouldn’t have children.”

The American proscription against cousin marriages grew in the 19th century as wilderness settlers tried to distinguish themselves from the “savage” Indians, says Martin, author of the book Forbidden Relatives: The American Myth of Cousin Marriage. “The truth is that Europeans were marrying their cousins and Native Americans were not.”

And doesn’t God have stern words on the subject？ Christie Smith, 37, a Nevada writer, says she felt guilty when she fell in love with her first cousin’s son Mark. “I was trying so hard to convince myself not to have these feelings,” she recalls, “that I went to the Bible looking for confirmation that it was wrong. And what I found was the exact opposite: support for cousin marriages.” The patriarch Jacob married two of his first cousins, Rachel and Leah. Smith married Mark in 1999.

The medical ban is lifted; the social stain may take longer to disappear.

It is suggested in Paragraph 1 and 2 that the cousin marriage

A．resembles incest in nature.

B．puts cousin couples to shame.

C．always causes serious genetic disorders.

D．is a common phenomenon across the world.

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第10题

Senator Barack Obama likes to joke that the battle for the Democratic presidential nominat

ion has been going on so long, babies have been born, and they' re already walking and talking. That's nothing. The battle between the sciences and the humanities has been going on for so long, its early participants have stopped walking and talking, because they're already dead.

It's been some 50 years since the physicist-turned-novelist C. P. Snow delivered his famous "Two Cultures" lecture at the University of Cambridge, in which he decried the "gulf of mutual incomprehension", the "hostility and dislike" that divided the world's "natural scientists", its chemists, engineers, physicists and biologists, from its "literary intellectuals", a group that, by Snow's reckoning, included pretty much everyone who wasn't a scientist. His critique set off a frenzy of desperation that continues to this day, particularly'in the United States, as educators, policymakers and other observers lament the Balkanization of knowledge, the scientific illiteracy of the general public and the chronic academic turf wars that are all too easily lampooned.

Yet a few scholars believe that the cultural chasm can be bridged and the sciences and the humanities united into a powerful new discipline that would apply the strengths of both mindsets, the quantitative and qualitative, to a wide array of problems. Among the most ambitious of these exercises in fusion thinking is a program under development at Binghamton University in New York called the New Humanities Initiative.

Jointly conceived by David Sloan Wilson, a professor of biology, and Leslie Heywood, a professor of English, the program is intended to build on some of the themes explored in Dr. Wilson's evolutionary studies program, which has proved enormously popular with science and nonscience majors alike, and which he describes in the recently published "Evolution for Everyone". In Dr. Wilson's view, evolutionary biology is a discipline that, to be done right, demands a crossover approach, the capacity to think in narrative and abstract terms simultaneously, so why not use it as a template for emulsifying the two cultures generally？ "There are more similarities than differences between the humanities and the sciences, and some of the stereotypes have to be altered," Dr. Wilson said, "Darwin, for example, established his entire evolutionary theory on the basis of his observations of natural history, and most of that information was qualitative, not quantitative. "

As he and Dr. Heywood envision the program, courses under the New Humanities rubric would be offered campus-wide, in any number of departments, including history, literature, philosophy, sociology, law and business. The students would be introduced to basic scientific tools like statistics and experimental design and to liberal arts staples like the importance of analyzing specific texts or documents closely, identifying their animating ideas and comparing them with the texts of other immortal minds.

In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by______.

A．posing a contrast

B．justifying an assumption

C．making a comparison

D．explaining a phenomenon

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