Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, ... - 搜题云问答

第1题

Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for th

eir fellows.【C1】______ , medical authorities express their【C2】______ about the effect of smoking【C3】______ the health not only【C4】______ those who smoke but also of those who do not. In fact, non smokers who must【C5】______ inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke may【C6】______ more than the smokers themselves.

As you are doubtlessly【C7】______ , a considerable number of our students have 【C8】______ in an effort to 【C9】______ the university to ban smoking in the classrooms. I believe they are 【C10】______ tight in their aim.【C11】______ , I would hope that it is【C12】______ to achieve this by【C13】______ the smokers to use good judgment and show concern 【C14】______ others rather than by regulations.

Smoking is【C15】______ by City laws in theaters and in hails used for【C16】______ films as well as in laboratories where【C17】______ be a fire hazard. Elsewhere, it is up to your good sense. I'm【C18】______ asking you to maintain 【C19】______ in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the non-smoker's health and well-being【C20】______ , which is very important.

【C1】

A．Still

B．More

C．Again

D．Further

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第2题

Because smoking is a form. of addiction, 80% percent of smokers who quit usually experienc

e some withdrawal symptoms (断症状瘾). These may include headache, light-headedness, and chest pains. Psychological symptoms, such as anxiety, short-term depression, and inability to concentrate, may also appear. The main psychological symptom is increased irritability. People become so irritable, in fact, that they say the feel "like killing some body". Yet there in no evidence that quitting smoking leads to physical violence.

Some people seem to lose all their energy and drive, wanting only to sleep. Others react in exactly the opposite way. Becoming so over energized that they can't find enough activity to burn off their excess energy. For instance, one woman said she cleaned out all her closets completely and was ready to go next to start on her neighbor's. Both these extremes, however, eventually, the symptoms may be intense for two or three days, but within 10 to 14 days after quitting, most subside (平静下来). The truth is that after people quit smoking, they have more energy, they generally will need less sleep, and feel better about themselves.

Quitting smoking not only extends the ex-smoker's life. but adds new happiness and meaning to one's current life. Most smokers state that immediately after they quit smoking, they start noticing dramatic differences in their overall health and vitality.

Quitting is beneficial at any age, no matter how long a person has been smoking. The death rate of an ex-smoker decreases after quitting. If the patient quits before a serious disease has developed, his/her body may eventually be able to restore itself almost completely.

Which of the following is the main psychological symptom of smokers who quit？ ______.

A．Being light-headed

B．Being anxious

C．Being easily annoyed

D．Being violet

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第3题

For years, smokers have been exhorted to take the initiative and quit: use a nicotine patc

h, chew nicotine gum, take a prescription medication that can help, call a help line, just say no. But a new study finds that stopping is seldom an individual decision. Smokers tend to quit in groups, the study finds, which means smoking cessation programs should work best if they focus on groups rather than individuals. It also means that people may help many more than just themselves by quitting: quitting can have a ripple effect prompting an entire social network to break the habit.

The study, by Dr. Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School and James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, followed thousands of smokers and nonsmokers for 32 years, from 1971 until 2003, studying them as part of a large network of relatives, co-workers, neighbors, friends and friends of friends.

It was a time when the percentage of adult smokers in the United States fell to 21 percent from 45 percent. As the investigators watched the smokers and their social networks, they saw what they said was a striking effect—smokers had formed little social clusters and, as the years went by, entire clusters of smokers were stopping en masse. So were clusters of clusters that were only loosely connected. Dr. Christakis described watching the vanishing clusters as like lying on your back in a field, looking up at stars that were burning out. "It's not like one little star turning off at a time," he said,"Whole constellations are blinking off at once. "

As cluster after cluster of smokers disappeared, those that remained were pushed to the margins of society, isolated, with fewer friends, fewer social connections. "Smokers used to be the center of the party," Dr. Fowler said, "but now they've become wallflowers." "We've known smoking was bad for your physical health," he said,"But this shows it also is bad for your social health. Smokers are likely to drive friends away. "

"There is an essential public health message," said Richard Suzman, director of the office of behavioral and social research at the National Institute on Aging, which financed the study. "Obviously, people have to take responsibility for their behavior," Mr. Suzman said. "But a social environment," he added, "can just overpower free will. " With smoking, that can be a good thing, researchers noted. But there also is a sad side. As Dr. Steven Sehroeder of the University of California, San Francisco, pointed out in an editorial accompanying the paper, "a risk of the marginalization of smoking is that it further isolates the group of people with the highest rate of smoking—persons with mental illness, problems with substance abuse, or both. "

Which of the following statements is true according to the opening paragraph？

A．Smokers have been prevented from quit smoking for years.

B．It is rare that smokers make a decision to quit.

C．It is preferable to abstain from smoking in groups.

D．Nonsmoker could be affected because of the ripple effects.

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第4题

Have you wished for a magic pill or magic formula that would let you live happily fore

ver？ If you have, don’t feel alone! It’s a very common, natural wish that has a long history.Spanish explorers of the sixteenth century even tried to find a fountain of youth in what is now the state of Florida.The water the this legendary fountain, which no one has yet found, was believed to restore youth and good health to those who drank it.

Biologists today don’t expect that anyone will find a magical fountain of youth.Growing older is a natural part of the life cycle that can’t be reversed.As human beings grow older, organs such as the heart and lungs may stop functioning properly.Sight and hearing may become weak.And the human body becomes more likely to come down with serious illnesses from which it cannot recover.

Considered together, changes that bring about the decline of an organism are called aging.Because of aging, many biologists believe that there may be a maximum age limit to which even the healthiest organisms can live.For human beings, this maximum age limit is about 110 years.

Perhaps the most important thing that you can learn from your study of human biology is that you have a lot of control over the aging process in your own life.In fact, within our control are many physical and mental factors that have much to do with aging.For example, each of us, as recent research indicates, can do many things to help prevent heart and vessel disease, which causes half the death each year in the United States.We can avoid eating a lot of fatty meat.Eating too much of these types of animal fats can lead to the clogging and hardening of blood vessels.We can cut back on smoking and hopefully quit entirely.We can limit the amount of alcohol we drink and the amount of sugar we eat.We can exercise regularly and strengthen the heart and other organs.And we can remember to take time out each day for ourselves, time just relax.Exercise, recreation and relaxation all reduce stress – inner tension that is hard on all body organs.

One final thing we can do is to try to keep aware of advances made in health education.Information is often available free of charge from health clinics or schools.

1.Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States？

A.Heart disease.

B.Cancer

C.Alcohol

D.Smoking

2.What happens as people grow older？

A.They dream of a magic pill to help them live a happy and long life

B.They come down with serious illnesses

C.Their organs become weak and may stop working properly

D.Their blood vessels become clogged

3.In the opinion of biologists, _________.

A.the aging process can be reversed

B.the aging process can be controlled and slowed down

C.the aging process can be got rid of

D.the aging process can go beyond its limit

4.We can slow down the weakening of all our body organs by ______.

A.not eating animal fat

B.limiting drinking and smoking

C.exercise, recreation and relaxation to reduce stress

D.preventing the clogging and hardening of blood vessels

5.Besides physical and mental factors, which of the following also contributes to living a long and healthy life according tot the passage？

A.Health education

B.Traditional medicine

C.artificial organs

D.The invention of magic pills

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第5题

According to the passage, cancers may take some healthy steps other than ________.

[A] stop smoking

[B] exercise regularly

[C] take non-fat diet

[D] control their weight

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第6题

The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking ______.A．should be introduced, fo

The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking ______.

A．should be introduced, for it really works at the school where he once studied

B．should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbance

C．should be introduced though it may not work effectively

D．needn't be introduced as long as teachers don't smoke in front of children

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第7题

What organs are affected by smoking and which diseases can be caused？

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第8题

A Health ProfileA health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your h

A Health Profile

A health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health. To draw your health profile, you will(1)what diseases run in your family, what health hazards you may be exposed to(2)work, how your daily(3)compares to the recommended standards, how much time per week you(4)exercising and what type of exercise you engage(5), how stressful your work and family environments are, what kinds of illnesses you get regularly, and(6)or not you have any one of a number of addictions.(7)this portrait, your should have a checkup to determine how your blood, heart, and lungs are functioning. This checkup will serve(8)a baseline, to which you can then compare later tests.

(9)this profile is thoroughly drawn, you can begin to think about setting health priorities based(10)your particular portrait. For example, if you drink two martinis every evening, have a high-stress(11), are overweight, smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, and use marijuana occasionally on weekends, you should quit smoking first, followed(12)losing the excess weight, reducing the stress of your job, giving up your marihuana habit, and then finally giving some(13)to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer, and then heart disease. Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life, who is(14)excellent health, a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will(15)him in the future.

profile n. 侧影，概貌

hazard n. 危险,危害

checkup n. 健康检查,体检

martini n. 马提尼酒

baseline n. 基础,起点

marihuana n. 大麻烟 (一种毒品)

A．know

B．have known

C．need know

D．need to know

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第9题

It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-

smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent and sexually precious. Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.

There are a number of factors, which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing thought, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.

It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School roles should forbid smoking by children on the premises. This role has been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent my schooldays.

There is, however, a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.

In this passage the author puts an emphasis on ______.

A．the effect of smoking among children

B．the difficulty in preventing children from smoking

C．the reasons why children start smoking among children

D．the measures to ban smoking among children

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第10题

The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by t

he United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. "The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence (显著) ," said the UN's 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998.

The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. "Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana (大麻) or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle," the study says.

"Surprisingly", says the Board, "the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of recreational drug use." Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars--including Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs--have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. "In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household, "the study says.

The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues--especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization, which encourages, rather than prevents, drug abuse. "Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive, " says Harold Ghodse, president of the Board. "Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs," he says. Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway.

The present study, he says, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed.

Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with？

A．The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a person's lifestyle.

B．The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond the boundaries of the country.

C．No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.

D．The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture.

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Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort to the