Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you ______ the new carpet.
A.crash
B.pollute
C.spot
D.stain
When drinking coffee, many Americans like to______.
A.add tea to it
B.add milk to it
C.drink it with or sugar added
D.drink it with nothing added
B、Seniors, superiors, and guests are served first.
C、To show respect and humility, keep your liquor glass lower than others’ when cheering.
D、The host usually makes the first toast.
Heavy alcohol consumption also affects the body's usage of other drugs and medications. The dosages required by excessive drinkers may differ from those required by normal or non-drinkers. Serious consequences can be incurred unless the prescribing physician is aware of the patient's drinking habits.
Sudden death may result from excessive drinking. It might occur when the individual has ingested such a large amount of alcohol that the brain center controlling breathing and heart action is adversely affected, or when taking some other drugs, particularly sleep preparations along with alcohol. Death, as a result of excessive drinking, can come during an automobile accident since half of all fatal traffic accidents involve the use of alcohol. Many self-inflicted deaths, as well as homicides, involve the use of alcohol.
It is important to remember that alcohol is a drug that is potentially addictive. Once the user is hooked on alcohol, withdrawal symptoms occur when it is not sufficiently available to body cells. At the onset of developing alcohol addiction, these symptoms may be relatively mild and include hand tremors, anxiety, nausea, and sweating. As dependency increases, so does the severity of the withdrawal syndrome and the need for medical assistance to cope with it.
In 1956 the American Medical Association supported the growing acceptance of alcoholism as an illness, falling under the treatment jurisdiction of the medical profession. Since then, the medical resources for problems of acute and chronic intoxication have increased and improved.
To develop his point, the author has used______.
A.sensory words
B.convincing arguments
C.scientific facts
D.figures of speech
Some experimental evidence tends to show that alcohol reduces fear in an approach-avoidance situation. Conger trained one group of rats to approach a food goal and trained another group to avoid electric shock. After an injection of alcohol the pull away from the shock was measurably weaker, while the pull toward food was unchanged.
The obvious troubles experienced by alcoholic persons appear to contradict the learning theory in the explanation of alcoholism. The discomfort, pain, and punishment they experience should presumably discourage the alcoholics from drinking. The fact that alcoholic persons continue to drink in the face of family discord, loss of job, and illness is explained by the proximity of the drive of reduction to the consumption of alcohol; that is, alcohol has the immediate effect of reducing tension while the unpleasant consequences of drunken behavior. came only later. The learning pattern, therefore, favors the establishment and repetition of the resort to alcohol.
In fact, the anxieties and feelings of guilt caused by the consequences of excessive alcohol drinking may themselves become the signal for another time of alcohol abuse. The way in which the desire for another drink could be caused by anxiety is explained by the process of stimulus generalization: conditions or events securing at the time of reinforcement tend to acquire all the features of stimuli. When alcohol is consumed in association with a state of anxiety or leer, the emotional state itself takes on the properties of a stimulus, thus triggering another time of drinking.
The role of punishment is becoming increasingly important in explaining a cause of alcoholism based on the principles of learning theory. While punishment may serve to suppress a response, experiments have shown that in some cases it can serve as a reward and reinforce the behavior. Thus if the alcoholic person has learned to drink under conditions of both reward and punishment, either type of condition may trigger renewed drinking.
Conger's experiment with two groups of rats
A.concludes that alcohol drinking may affect appetite.
B.confirms the findings of other academic researchers.
C.shows that alcohol minimizes fear.
D.disproves learning and reinforcement theory.
There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.
Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly. This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.
If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!
A good title for this passage is ______.
A.Sleep
B.Good Health
C.Play and Study
D.Work and Rest
A.until 12 o'clock in the evening
B.until early next morning
C.all day and all night
D.until after 12 o'clock in the evening
There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to another. Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move quickly (although your eye-lids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.
If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep.
A good title for this passage is______.
A.Sleep
B.Good Health
C.Dreams
D.Work and Rest
Ms Hord is a sweet-natured, gentle -talking, white-haired Southerner who never owed a debt to society—thus, she never had to pay one. So you have to wonder what a woman like this is doing in a place where most people are itching to get loose. Unlike the rest of the population, Ms Hord goes to prison freely and eagerly. And when she gets there, she persuades prisoners of every sort to sing little ditties about their ABCs and XYZs.
At age 80 , Ms Hord began teaching prisoners to read during a chance visit to the State Prison with a lawyer friend. "When I got there, I heard that a group of volunteer workers had been praying for a teacher. They asked me if I would come and I said I would be thrilled, " she said.
On a personal level, Ms Hord considers this rewarding work. If you get at the reason why these men went into crime, you will find that none of them succeeded in their early years of schooling. "They went to school at 5 believing they were going to learn to read. When they didn't learn in the first or second grade, they realized something was wrong. By 8, they were having problems. By 12 or 13, they were drinking or using drugs. And it's getting worse. I' m seeing younger and younger prisoners who know less and less. They can't read well enough to function in this society. " She says.
It is this situation that Ms Hord goes to prison week after week to correct. And when her most difficult students finally begin to read, she is sure that she, too, knows why the caged birds sing.
Ms Hord goes to prison eagerly to______.
A.sing songs for the prisoners
B.teach the prisoners to read
C.pray for the prisoners
D.make friends with the prisoners
1.One can easily find a pub in England.()
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.The passage doesn't tell us
2.A pub is usually a large restaurant.()
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.The passage doesn't tell us
3.People go to the pub to ().
A.watch a film
B.sit and enjoy the beer
C.talk with their friends
D.both B and C
4.Many men spend the whole day drinking in the pub.()
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.The passage doesn't tell us
5.The pub usually closes around ()o’clock in the evening.
A.10
B.11
C.12
D.None of the above