The chronological résumé is more appropriate for those who haven’t had much work exper
The IQ is______
A.the mental age divided by the chronological age and multiplied by a hundred
B.the mental age multiplied by the chronological age and divided by one hundred
C.the chronological age divided by the mental age and multiplied by one hundred
D.the average age divided by the mental age and multiplied by a hundred
A.presenting their material in chronological order
B.producing a one-sided picture of an individual's personality and motivations
C.uncovering alternative explanations that might cause them to question their own conclusions
D.offering a consistent interpretation of the impact of personality on historical events
In 1906 the psychologist, Alfred Binet(1857—1911), devised the standard in relation to which intelligence has since been assessed. Binet was asked to find a method of selecting all children in the schools of Paris who should be taken out of ordinary classes and put in special classes for defectives. The problem brought home to him the need for a atandard of intelligence, and he hit upon the very simple concept of "mental age".
First of all, he invented a variety of tests and put large numbers of children of different ages through them. He then found at what age each test was passed by the average child. For instance, he found that the average child of seven could count backwards from 20 to 1 and the average child of three could repeat the sentence: "We are going to have a good time in the country." Binet arranged the various tests in order of difficulty, and used them as a scale against which he could measure every individual. If, for example, a boy aged twelve could only do tests that were passed by the average boy of nine, Binet held that he was three years below ave rage, and that he had a mental age of nine.
The concept of mental age provided Binet, and through him, other psychologists, with the required standard. It enabled him to state scores in intelligence tests in terms of a norm. At first, it was usual to express the result of a test by the difference between the "mental" and the "chronological" age. Then the boy in the example given would be "three years retarded". Soon, however, the "mental ratio" was introduced; that is to say, the ratio of the mental age to the chronological age. Thus a boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has a mental ratio of 0.75.
The mental age was replaced by the "intelligence quotient" or "I. Q. '. The "I. Q." is the mental ratio multiplied by 100. For example, a boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has an "I. Q." of 75. Clearly, since the mental age of the average child is equal to the chronological age, the average 'I. Q.' is 100.
In order to judge a child' s intelligence, his marks in a test must be compared with marks gained by
A.thirteen-year-old children
B.children of different ages
C.the same child at different ages
D.other children of the same age
When people do read, I think they'll want to feel they are reading literature, or (2)_____ something serious. (3)_____ you're going to find fewer books presenting themselves as no-nonsense and (4)_____ assuming literary pretensions and being packaged as works of art. We can expect an extraordinary variety of genre, but with an underlying (5)_____ of sentiment and vision.
Translators can only (6)_____ from this desire for the presumably sophisticated. We can look forward to lots of difficult names and fantastic stories of foreign parts enthusiastically (7)_____ by the overall worship of the "global village". Much of this will be awful and some wonderful, (8)_____ don't expect the press or the organizers of prizes to offer you much help in making the appropriate distinctions. They will be chiefly (9)_____ in creating celebrity, the greatest enemy of discrimination, but a good prop for the (10)_____ consumer.
Every ethnic grouping over the world will have to be seen to have a great writer—a phenomenon that will (11)_____ a new kind of provincialism, more chronological than geographic, (12)_____ only the strictly contemporary is talked about and (13)_____ Universities, including Cambridge, will include (14)_____ their literature syllabus novels, written only last year. (15)_____ occasional exhumation for the Nobel, the achievements of ten or only five years ago will be largely forgotten.
In short, you can't go too far wrong when predicting more of the same. But there is a (16)_____ side to this—the inevitable reaction against it. The practical things I would like to see happen—publishers seeking less to (17)_____ celebrity through extravagant advertising, (18)_____ and magazines (19)_____ space to reflective pieces—are rather more improbable than the Second Coming(耶稣复临). But dullness never quite darkens the whole planet. In their own idiosyncratic fashion a few writers will (20)_____ be looking for new departures.
A.when
B.that
C.which
D.where
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version)。 Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age pecks, rather tan simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”。 Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership sills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who bas toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it‘s knowing when to guess or what questions of skip.
第26题:Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?
A.Answering philosophical questions.
B.Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
C.Telling the differences between certain concepts.
D.Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
在向量组α1,α2,…,αr(r≥2)中αr≠0,试证:对任意的k1,k2,…,kr-1,向量组
β1=α1+k1αr,β2=α2+k2αr,…,βr-1=αr-1+kr-1αr
线性无关的充要条件是α1,α2,…,αr线性无关