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The earth is much cooler than the sun, and the wave length of the earth's radiations is mu

ch longer than that of sunrays. These longer heat waves cannot pass through the atmosphere as easily as the short waves coming from the sun. Similarly, radio stations that transmit programs to distant countries broadcast in short waves, which can travel all around the world. Stations that broadcast local programs send out longer waves, which can be received more easily, but only in a limited area.

(83) Heat waves, rising from the earth, meet resistance in the atmosphere from the water vapor there. Many if the waves are stopped by the water vapor can not get back out into space. The atmosphere, when it is warmed up, also adds some heat back to the earth's surface.

When the sun's rays strike water surface, some of the water becomes absorbed by the air as water vapor. The warmer the air is, the more vapor it can hold. When the air has absorbed its maximum amount of vapor, it is said to be saturated. If the air is then cooled, some of the vapor will condense and clouds will form. (84)These clouds, will contain drops of water at temperatures above freezing, or ice crystals at temperatures below freezing.

Clouds can greatly affect the temperature of the earth's surface. When there are many clouds in the sky, all of the sun's rays can not reach the earth. The cloudy day, then, will be cooler than the cloudless day. Clouds also prevent the earth from cooling off rapidly at night. For this reason, countries such as the British Isles, which are often covered by clouds, have a relatively constant temperature. The weather in these cloudy areas is neither very hot in summer nor very cold in winter. On the other hand, places such as deserts, which have few or no clouds, have very sharp variations in temperature—between night and day as well as between summer and winter.

Radio stations that transmit programs to distant countries send out waves that resemble______.

A．heat waves rising from the earth

B．waves absorbed by water vapor

C．waves sent out by radio stations that transmit local programs

D．the rays sent out from the sun

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更多“The earth is much cooler than …”相关的问题

第1题

The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as______its soils and the water of its lakes

, rivers and oceans.

A．is

B．has

C．are

D．have

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第2题

Which of the following is NOT true？A．Burning too much coal and oil produces lots of greenh

Which of the following is NOT true？

A．Burning too much coal and oil produces lots of greenhouse gases.

B．It has become warmer on the earth now than in the past.

C．Gases put into the atmosphere now will affect the earth years later.

D．The temperature in a greenhouse is as high as that in the atmosphere.

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第3题

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of burying pollution？ [A] It ac

tually prevents companies from looking for other energy sources. [B] It is difficult to make sure that the buried gas will stay where they are. [C] It might turn up with serious consequences in the years to come. [D] It will possibly take up too much room in the earth to be sustainable.

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第4题

Some oil companies plan to get rid of some of the pollution they produce by pumping it int

o rocks deep inside the Earth, where they say it will stay for thousands of years. Other people, though, aren't so sure this is advisable; environmental groups say that putting this pollution back into the Earth is a bad idea.

When oil burns, It doesn't just produce heat: it also produces carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a natural part of the air, but because people bum so much oil, there's too much carbon dioxide in the air. This extra carbon dioxide is pollution; some scientific studies show that carbon dioxide is one of the" greenhouse gases" that is causing the Earth's temperature to rise.

Environmentalists say that the oil companies' plans may not work. The oil companies say they are making sure that the gas will never escape, but environmentalists wonder how the oil companies can be so sure that the gas won't seep into the air. They also point out that there's no way to check to make sure the gas isn't leaking. In addition, the environmentalists point out that the pumping costs money—for research and for equipment—that the oil companies should be spending on preventing pollution, rather than on just moving it someplace else.

Another problem, say some people who are concerned about the Earth, is that if the oil companies find a cheap way to get rid of their pollution, they won't look for new kinds of energy. These environmentalists say that energy companies should be researching ways to use hydrogen, wind power, and solar power instead of finding better ways to use oil. They argue that continuing to use oil means that we will still need to buy oil from other countries instead of producing our own cheap, clean energy.

Environmentalists also say that burying pollution just pushes the problem into the future, rather than really solving it. They say that if the oil companies pump carbon dioxide into the rocks inside the Earth, it will be there for thousands of years, and that no one knows if this plan—even if it works—might turn into a pollution problem for all of us in the future.

The oil companies insist that their plan is safe, and that putting the gas inside the Earth is a reasonable way to deal with it, They point out that there is a lot of room in the Earth for this extra gas, and that putting carbon dioxide inside the Earth means that the gas won't be in the air, and if it's not in the air, it won't make the Earth warmer.

According to the passage, oil results in air pollution because

A．it burns very easily and has a very awful smell.

B．it produces too much heat that warm up the temperature.

C．it emits too much carbon dioxide into the air when burning.

D．it is called the" greenhouse gas".

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第5题

It can be concluded that______.A．raising the world's temperature only a few degrees would

It can be concluded that______.

A．raising the world's temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earth

B．lowering the world' s temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disaster

C．almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade

D．the world's temperature will remain constant in the years to come

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第6题

The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere affect the heat balance of the E

arth by acting as a one-way screen. (1)_____ these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concerned, to pass (2)_____, they absorb some of the longer-wave-length, infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface, radiation that would (3)_____ be transmitted back into space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions from the planet must (4)_____ incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would (5)_____ from the Earth much more easily.

Today, (6)_____, the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. Could the increase in carbon dioxide (7)_____ a global rise in average temperature, and could such a rise have serious (8)_____ for human society？ Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a function of the increase (9)_____; that the (10)_____ is probably yes.

One mathematical model (11)_____ that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise the global mean surface temperature by 2.5℃. This model assumes that the atmosphere's relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases with altitude at a (12)_____ of 6.5℃ per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another (13)_____ absorber or radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can hold more (14)_____ than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant (15)_____ the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases (16)_____ the temperature rises. (17)_____, more infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated (18)_____ to the Earth's surface. The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice, (19)_____ the Earth's reflectivity. More solar radiation would be absorbed, (20)_____ to a further increase in temperature.

A．Whereas

B．If

C．Although

D．Because

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第7题

The story does not say this, but from what we have read, we can tell that ______ .A．you ge

The story does not say this, but from what we have read, we can tell that ______ .

A．you get much hungrier in space than you do on the earth

B．you can't have water to drink in a spaceship

C．astronauts must learn many new and different things

D．you can't eat anything in a spaceship

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第8题

It can be inferred from the passage that______.A．raising the world's temperature only a fe

It can be inferred from the passage that______.

A．raising the world's temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on the earth

B．almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade

C．lowering the world's temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disaster

D．the world temperature will remain constant in the years to come

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第9题

All the useful energy at the surface of the earth comes from the activity of the sun. The

sun heats and feeds mankind. Each year it provides men with two hundred million tons of grain and nearly ten million tons of wood.

Coal, oil, natural gas, and all other fuels are stored-up energy from the sun. Some was collect ed by this season's plants as carbon compounds. Some was stored by plants and trees ages ago.

Even waterpower derives from the sun. Water turned into vapor by the sun falls as rain. It courses down the mountains and is converted to electric power.

Light transmits only the energy that comes from the sun' s outer layers, and much of this energy that is directed toward the earth never arrives. About nine-tenths of it is absorbed by the atmosphere of the earth. In fact; the earth itself gets only one half-billionth of the sun' s entire output of radiant energy.

All the useful energy at the surface of the earth comes ______.

A．directly from the sun

B．from the sun' s activity

C．from energy stored by the sun

D．from radiation of the sun

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第10题

All the useful energy at the surface of the earth comes from the activity of the sun. The

sun heats and feeds creatures and mankind. Each year it provides men with two hundred million tons of grain and nearly ten million tons of wood, coal, oil, natural gas, and all other fuels are stored energy from the sun. (80) Some was collected by this season' s plants as carbon compounds. Some was stored by plants and trees ages ago. Even waterpower derives from the sun. Water turned into vapor by the sun fails as rain. It courses down the mountains and is converted to electric power. Light transmits only the energy that comes from the sun' s outer layer, and much of this energy that is directed towards the earth never arrives. About nine tenths of it is absorbed by the atmosphere of the earth. In fact, the earth itself gets only one half millionth of the sun's entire output of radiant energy.

The sun is the source of all of the following EXCEPT______.

A．gasoline

B．natural gas

C．atomic power

D．animal fat

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