题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A.produced
B.to be produced
C.producing
D.to produce
答案
A、produced
解析：
参考解析：翻译：古代人也从石头碰撞产生的火花中取火。
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Paras. 7&8
The genetic maps also shed new light on the origins of populations that have long puzzled scientists. Example: the Khoisan people of southern Africa. Many scientists consider the Khoisan a distinct race of very ancient origin. The unique character of the clicking sounds in their language has persuaded some researchers that the Khoisan people are directly descended from the most primitive human ancestors~ But their genes beg to differ. They show that the Khoisan may be a very ancient mix of west Asians and black Africans. A genetic trail visible on the maps shows that the breeding ground for this mixed population probably lies in Ethiopia or the Middle East.
The most distinctive members of the European branch of the human tree are the Basques of France and Spain. They show unusual patterns for several genes, including the highest rate of a rare blood type. Their language is of unknown origin and cannot be placed within any standard classification. And the fact that they live in a region next to famous caves which contain vivid paintings from Europe's early humans, leads Cavalli-Sforza to the following conclusion: "The Basques are extremely likely to be the most direct relatives of the Cro-Magnon people, among the first modern humans in Europe." All Europeans are thought to be a mixed population, with 65% Asian and 35% African genes.
A statement: The genetic maps also shed new light on the origins of populations that have long puzzled scientists.
Example 1:
Many scientists consider the Khoisan a distinct race of very ancient origin, directly descended from the most primitive human ancestors. But the genetic maps show ______ (Para. 7)
Example 2:
The Basques of France and Spain have unusual patterns for several genes and their language of unknown origin cannot be placed within any standard classification. And the fact where they live leads to the conclusion that the Basques are likely to be ______. All Europeans are thought to be a ______. (Para. 8)
(42)Nobody knows who first invented it but the umbrella was used in very ancient times.Probably the first to use it were the Chinese,way back in the eleventh century B C.We know that the umbrella was also used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade.
(43) And there was a strange thing connected with its use--it became a symbol of honor and authority.In the Far East in ancient times,the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royal people or by those in high office.n Europe,the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.And the umbrella was in commonly use in ancient Greece.
(44) But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrellas as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.Duringthe Middle Ages,the use of the umbrella practically disappeared.Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century.And again it became a symbol of power and authority. Umbrellas have hot changed much in style. during all this time,though they have become much lighter in weight.
(45) It wasn’t until the twentieth century that women ’s umbrellas began to made in a variety of colors.
41___________________________________________
42___________________________________________
43___________________________________________
44___________________________________________
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The elephant is the only animal in the world with a trunk (the very long nose of an elephant), It uses its trunk【21】many ways. It【22】leaves off trees with its trunk and then puts them into its【23】. It can even uses its trunk to pull up trees when it wants to make a path through a jungle (热带丛林). It also uses its trunk to get【24】. The trunk can hold a lot of it,【25】an elephant needs to drink more than three hundred pints(品脱) of water every day. It has been easy for men to train elephants. All the elephants are considered useful in India【26】for white elephants. They are used to carry things for long distance in Indian forests. Many people say that some ancient Indian kings used to give white elephants to people they did not like. These white elephants were regarded as【27】animals. They could not be gave【28】to work. A person who owned a white elephant had to【29】a lot of money to keep it properly. After a certain time, he usually became very【30】. Nowadays people in England call a useless thing "a white elephant".
(56)
A．in
B．with
C．by
D．of
400 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver. Few burials rival their lavish sepulchres. Being able to trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit.
［B］ By 40,000 years ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa. Populations in different regions employed various technological developments in adapting to their different environments and climates.
［C］ Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the Americas over 12,000 years ago.
［D］ The first fossil records of vascular plants—that is, land plants with tissue that carries food—appeared in the Silurian period. They were simple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.
［E］ Laetoli even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago. Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Archaeologists have also recorded how primitive forms of humans spread out of Africa into Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago.
［F］ One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States. This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study.
［G］ Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of the ancient Anasazi (a group of early Native Americans of North America) at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone portrait heads of remote Easter Island in the Pacific.
The term massage therapy (also called massage, for short; massage also refers to an individual treatment session) covers a group of practices and techniques. There are over 80 types of massage therapy. In all of them, therapists press, rub, and otherwise manipulate the muscles and other soft tissues of the body, often varying pressure and movement. They most often use their hands and fingers, but may use their forearms, elbows, or feet. Typically, the intent is to relax the soft tissues, increase delivery of blood and oxygen to the massaged areas, warm them, and decrease pain.
Massage therapy dates back thousands of years. References to massage have been found in ancient writings from many cultures, including those of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Japan, China, Egypt, and the Indian subcontinent. In the United States, massage therapy first became popular and was promoted for a variety of health purposes starting in the mid-1800s. In the 1930s and 1940s, however, massage fell out of favor, mostly because of scientific and technological advances in medical treatments. Interest in massage revived in the 1970s, especially among athletes.
More recently, a 2002 national survey on Americans' use of CAM (published in 2004) found that 5 percent of the 31,000 participants had used massage therapy in the preceding 12 months, and 9.3 percent had ever used it. According to recent reviews, people use massage for a wide variety of health-related intents: for example, to relieve pain (often from musculoskeletal conditions, but from other conditions as well); rehabilitate sports injuries; reduce stress; increase relaxation; address feelings of anxiety and depression; and aid general wellness.
Massage therapy appears to have few serious risks if appropriate cautions are followed. A very small number of serious injuries have been reported, and they appear to have occurred mostly because cautions were not followed or a massage was given by a person who was not properly trained. Health care providers recommend that patients not have massage therapy before they consult their doctors about their own health conditions.
Scientists are studying massage to understand what effects massage therapy has on patients, how it has those effects, and why. Some aspects of this are better understood than others. There are many more aspects that are not yet known or well understood scientifically. More well-designed studies are needed to understand and confirm these theories and other scientific aspects of massage.
Which one of the following statements about massage is NOT correct according to the passage？
A．Many different practices and techniques can all be called massage.
B．Soft tissues of the body are usually the target of massage.
C．Hands and fingers aide the only body parts that therapists use when practicing massage.
D．Massage can do much more than just providing relaxation.
The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had and independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars. The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.
The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an independent motion in the sky. The moon, however, changes it position relatively rapidly. Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so. The moon's path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth's path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky. There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere. These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic. Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well.
The ancient people believed that ______.
A．the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky
B．the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth
C．the patterns of stars on the sky would never change
D．the stars around the sky were not stationary
The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had an independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars. The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.
The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an independent motion in the sky. The moon, however changes it position relatively rapidly. Although it appears to rise and Set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so. The moon’s path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth’s path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky. There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere. These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does. So they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic. Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well.
The ancient people believed that
A．the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky.
B．the patterns of stars on the sky would never change.
C．the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth.
D．the stars around the sky were not stationary.
Scientists, for several years, have been studying how noise affects people and animals. They are surprised by what they have learned. Peace and quiet are becoming harder to find. Noise pollution is a threat that should be looked at carefully.
There is a saying that it is so noisy that you can't hear yourself think. Doctors who study noise believe that we must sometimes hear ourselves think. If we don't, we may have headaches, other aches and pains, or even worse mental problems.
Noise adds more tension (紧张) to a society that already faces enough stress.
But noise is not a new problem. In ancient Rome, people complained so much about noise that government stopped chariots (四轮马车) from moving through the streets at night!
Ways of making less noise are now being tested. There are even laws controlling noise. We cannot return to the "good old days" of peace and quiet. But we can reduce noise--if we shout loudly enough about it.
Why are scientists surprised by the findings in their noise study？
A．Because the world is becoming more and more noisy.
B．Because they have learned that noise is also a kind of pollution.
C．Because noise is an unwanted waste for human beings.
D．Because people knew little about noise before.
Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of land, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literary became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy.
During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literary became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world usefulness.
With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people.
The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance, and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well-being.
From the first paragraph we learn that
A．it is fairly easy to determine literacy.
B．there is no illiteracy in a rich family.
C．history sees an even progress towards literacy.
D．in history literacy suffers ups and downs.
To the people of the Bijagos archipelago, the shark is sacred. In (1)_____ ceremonies young men from these islands (2)_____ the coast of Guinea-Bissau must spear a shark and present the liver to their (3)_____ But can this ancient ceremony (4)_____ the economic fact that a bowl of shark's fin soup can cost $150 in the Far East？
In the archipelago, and all along West Africa's coast, sharks are being "finned" to (5)_____ Fishermen can earn $50-80 (6)_____ a kilo of sharks' fins, far more than ordinary fish. By the time they (7)_____ the Far East, they could be (8)_____ $500 a kilo or more valuable (9)_____ aphrodisiacs as well as for gourmets.
The high demand is (10)_____ shark populations in West Africa and elsewhere. Most fish, vulnerable to (11)_____ eaten by bigger fish, protect their species by laying millions of eggs. But the shark has no natural enemy (12)_____ man, and gives birth to just a (13)_____ of young. (14)_____ female harks are often caught (15)_____ pregnant, the result has been predictably disastrous. Shark-like sawfish, which are also "finned", are already virtually (16)_____ off the Bijagos islands, and guitarfish are (17)_____ threat.
In some parts of West Africa, when sharks and other similar fish have been finned, the rest of the flesh is often (18)_____, salted and exported to places like Ghana, where there is a (19)_____ for lt. Dried shark is used much (20)_____ a stock cube would be elsewhere. But in the Bijagos islands, where traders are uninterested in exporting dried shark, carcasses are often left to rot on the beach.
A．beginning
B．start
C．initiation
D．initial
