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[主观题]

Life on earth【56】many shapes and surely of the strangest is a newly discovered【57】whose ab

ility to change the bodily (身体的)【58】is so dramatic that some biologists【59】disbelief when they first heard about it.

Sometimes, the【60】creatures seems to behave like a green plant, calmly photosynthesizing (进行光合作用)【61】the sun. These organisms can transform. themselves into【62】monsters,【63】within minutes into a block-like form. at least 100 times【64】

In its free-swimming【65】, the organism feeds on fish flesh, but if the supply【66】, the creature simply goes into suspended (暂停的，中止的) condition【67】a protective shell around itself and dropping to the bottom【68】it can wait【69】years. When more fish happen【70】, the creature senses their presence, breaks out of its shell and swims free again.

The species would be【71】more than a scientific curiosity, a marvel of nature,【72】for one fact. When the organism detects fish and【73】out, it produces a powerful【74】that kills the fish, often【75】minutes, sometimes by the millions.

(56)

A．saves

B．makes

C．brings

D．takes

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更多“Life on earth【56】many shapes a…”相关的问题

第1题

Carl Sagan suggests that modem man ______.A．is very confused about the origin of the Earth

Carl Sagan suggests that modem man ______.

A．is very confused about the origin of the Earth

B．might possibly reach life outside the

C．believes it is possible to step off the Earth

D．is historically incapable of exploring the universe

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第2题

Have you ever dreamed of traveling in space？ It was impossible a hundred years ago, nor wa

s it 50 years ago. With the coming of the Space Age, man’ s dream of visiting the moon has come true.

The journey to the moon has been the first step towards future explorations in space. The distance between the moon and the Earth is very short indeed when compared with the distances between Earth and the other planets. Mars, the nearest planet to Earth is of miles away ! Traveling to the planets or travels between planets will be man’ s next aim. Such travels will be more difficult than the trip to the moon and certainly more exciting.

Recently, two American unmanned spacecraft, Vikings 1 and 2, landed on Mars in an attempt to discover whether that planet had any life on it. So far the presence of life on Mars has neither been proved nor ruled out. Russian space-probes have discovered that the surface of Venus is so hot that it is almost certain that there is no life there. Also the atmosphere of Venus is extremely, dense and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than the pressure of the Earth’s atmosphere.

Scientists believe that in the future, space stations can be built in space. These stations can act as stop-over points in space. Spacecraft can refuel at these stations and get their supply of air, food and water.

Spaceships of the future will be bigger and faster. They will be able to carry passengers for trips to the moon or planets.

Man may in the future find planets which have the same conditions as those we have on Earth, and make them his home. However such a possibility is still in the distant future. At the same time, Man should realize that the Earth will be his only home for a long time and begin to value and care for it.

Which of the following statements is true？

A．Recently, two American astronauts have landed on Mars.

B．The surface of Mars is very hot.

C．The journey to the moon started the future exploration in space.

D．There is life in Venus.

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第3题

From the beginning rivers have played an important part in the life of man. Man of the ear

liest times used the rivers as a means of traveling. Today rivers still serve as a great waterway for the transport and people.

In ancient times, man settled near rivers or on river banks and built up large empires.

Water is the Nature's most precious gift to man. Man needs water to irrigate his crops, to cook and to wash. In nations all over the world rivers mean life and wealth. They feed and clothe the nations around them.

Water is also a source of energy and power. Man constructs huge dams across the river to control the water for irrigation and get the energy needed to drive generators. The electrical power is then directed to homes, cities, factories and television stations.

Man uses water each day. His main source of water comes from reservoirs, which in turn get their water from the rivers.

Rivers also bring down soil and minerals from the mountains and deposit them on the plains building up rich river deltas for raising plants and crops. Fresh water life in rivers or in lakes fed by them provide man with food.

In a small way rivers help to keep man in good health and provide for his amusements. Various forms of water sports keep man strong and healthy.

Rivers have run on this earth long before man. Man's future ability to live is uncertain, but rivers will flow on forever.

Rivers have been important to man______.

A．since the last century

B．for a very long time

C．since a few hundred years ago

D．since a few years ago

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第4题

Passage Five From the beginning rivers have played an important part in the life of man.

Passage Five

From the beginning rivers have played an important part in the life of man. Man of the earliest times used the rivers as a means of traveling. Today rivers still serve as a great waterway for the transport and people.

In ancient times, man settled near rivers or on river banks and built up large empires.

Water is the Nature's most precious gift to man. Man needs water to irrigate his crops, to cook and to wash. In nations all over the world rivers mean life and wealth. They feed and clothe the nations around them.

Water is also a source of energy and power. Man constructs huge dams across the river to control the water for irrigation and get the energy needed to drive generators. The electrical power is then directed to homes, cities, factories and television stations.

Man uses water each day. His main source of water comes from reservoirs, which in turn get their water from the rivers.

Rivers also bring down soil and minerals from the mountains and deposit them on the plains building up rich river deltas for raising plants and crops. Fresh water life in rivers or in lakes fed by them provide man with food.

In a small way rivers help to keep man in good health and provide for his amusements. Various forms of water sports keep man strong and healthy.

Rivers have run on this earth long before man. Man's future ability to live is uncertain, but rivers will flow on forever.

52. Rivers have been important to man______.

A. since the last century

B. for a very long time

C. since a few hundred years ago

D. since a few years ago

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第5题

From the beginning rivers have played an important part in the life of man. Man of the ear

liest times used the rivers as a means of travel. Today rivers still serve as a great waterway for the transport and people.

In ancient times, man settled near rivers or on fiver banks and built up large empires.

Water is Nature’s most precious gift to man. Man needs water to irrigate his crops, to cook and to wash. In nations all over the world rivers mean life and wealth. They feed and clothe the nations around them.

Water is also a source of energy and power. Man constructs huge dams across the river to control the water for irrigation and get the energy needed to drive generators. The electrical power is then directed to homes, cities, factories and television stations.

Man uses water each day. His main source of water comes from reservoirs, which in turn get their water from the rivers.

Rivers also bring down soil and minerals from the mountains and deposit them on the plains building up rich fiver deltas for raising plants and crops. Fresh water life in rivers or in lakes fed by them provide man with food.

In a small way rivers help to keep man in good health and provide for his amusements. Various forms of water sports keep man strong and healthy.

Rivers have run on this earth long before man. Man’s future ability to live is uncertain, but rivers will flow on forever.

Rivers have been important to man ______.

A．since the last century

B．for a very long time

C．since a few hundred years ago

D．since a few years ago

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第6题

From the beginning rivers have played an important part in the life of man. Man of the ear

liest times used the rivers as a means of travel. Today rivers still serve as a great waterway for the transport and people.

In ancient times, man settled near rivers or on river banks and built up large empires.

Water is Nature's most precious gift to man. Man needs water to irrigate his crops, to cook and to wash. In nations all over the world rivers mean life and wealth. They feed and clothe the nations around them.

Water is also a source of energy and power. Man constructs huge dams across the river to control the water for irrigation and get the energy needed to drive generators. The electrical power is then directed to homes, cities, factories and television stations.

Man uses water each day. His main source of water comes from reservoirs, which in turn get their water from the rivers.

Rivers also bring down soil and minerals from the mountains and deposit them on the plains building up rich river deltas for raising plants and crops. Fresh water life in rivers or in lakes fed by them provide man with food.

In a small way rivers help to keep man in good health and provide for his amusements. Various forms of water sports keep man strong and healthy.

Rivers have run on this earth long before man. Man's future ability to live is uncertain, but rivers will flow on forever.

Rivers have been important to man ______.

A．since the last century

B．for a very long time

C．since a few hundred years ago

D．since a few years ago

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第7题

When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists in any p

art of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not.

Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. But man's societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormously more power and effectiveness

than the individuals have.

It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand year's from now man's societies may have become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and nerve cells that set them in motion.

The explorers of space should be prepared for some' such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.

The units may be "secondary"-machines created millions of years ago by a previous form. of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar car bon cycle.

Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from a favored planet.

Humans on Earth today are characterized by______.

A．their existence as free and separate beings

B．their capability of living under favorable conditions

C．their great power and effectiveness

D．their strong desire for living in a close-knit society

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第8题

Part BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41—45

Part B

Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41—45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A - G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

[A] These issues cut right across traditional religious dogma. Many people cling to the belief that the origin of life required a unique divine act. But ff life on Earth is not unique, the case for a miraculous origin would be undermined. The discovery of even a humble bacterium on Mars, if it could be shown to have arisen independently from Earth life would support the view that life emerges naturally.

[B] Contrary to popular belief, speculation that we are not alone in the universe is as old as philosophy itself. The essential steps in the reasoning were based on the atomic theory of the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus. First, the laws of nature are universal. Second, there is nothing special or privileged about Earth. Finally, if something is possible, nature tends to make it happen. Philosophy is one thing, filling in the physical details is another. Although astronomers increasingly suspect that bio-friendly planets may be abundant in the universe, the chemical steps leading to life remain largely mysterious.

[C] There is, however, a contrary view-one that is gaining strength and directly challenges orthodox biology. It is that complexity can emerge spontaneously through a process of self-organization, ff matter and energy have an inbuilt tendency to amplify and channel organized complexity, the odds against the formation of life and the subsequent evolution of intelligence could be drastically shortened. The relevance of self- organization to biology remains hotly debated. It suggests, however, that although the universe as a whole may be dying, an opposite, progressive trend may also exist as a fundamental property of nature. The emergence of extraterrestrial life, particularly-intelligent life, is a key test for these rival paradigms.

[D] Similar reasoning applies to evolution. According to the orthodox view, Darwinian selection is utterly blind. Any impression that the transition from microbes to man represents progress is pure chauvinism of our part. The path of evolution is merely a random walk through the realm of possibilities. If this is right, there can be no directionality, no innate drive forward; in particular, no push toward consciousness and intelligence. Should Earth be struck by an asteroid, destroying all higher life -forms, intelligent beings, still less humanoids, would almost certainly not arise next time around.

[E] Traditionally, biologists believed that life is a freak-the result of a zillion - to - on& accidental concatenation of molecules. It follows that the likelihood of its happening again elsewhere in the cosmos is infinitesimal. This viewpoint de- rives from the second law of thermodynamics, which predicts that the universe is dying - slowly and inexorably degenerating toward a state of total chaos. Life stumbles across this trend only because it is a pure statistical luck.

[F] Historically, the Roman Catholic church regarded any discussion of alien life as heresy. Speculating about other inhabited worlds was one reason philosopher Giordano Bruno was burned at the stake in 1600. Belief that mankind has-a special relationship with God is central to the monotheistic religions. The existence of alien beings, especially if they were further advanced than humans intellectually and spiritually, would disrupt this cozy view.

[G] The discovery of life beyond earth would transform. not only our science but also our religions, our belief systems and our entire world view. For in a sense, the search for extraterrestrial life is really a search for ourselves - who we are and what our place is in the grand sweep of the cosmos.

Order:

41___________________

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第9题

Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are grea

t conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently—this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done—is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has worn And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.

That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets—while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life—nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.

But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form. of jellyfish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking man's civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.

The first sentence of the opening paragraph indicates that

A．most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.

B．no one who really helped civilisation forward is mentioned in any history book.

C．history books neglect the real heroes behind civilisation.

D．conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.

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第10题

Earthquakes may rightly be ranked as one of the most destructive forces known to man: si

nce records began to be written down, it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in the millions, and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rockslides, floods, fire, disease, tsunamis (gigantic sea waves), and other observable events resulting from earthquakes, rather than from the quake themselves.

The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area covers the Pacific Ocean and its bordering landmasses. The other extends from the East Indians to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey, and the Alpine regions. It is in these two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take place; they may, however, happen anywhere at any time.

This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake forecast may be possible. By analyzing changes in animal behavior, patterns of movements in the earth‟s shell, variations in the earth‟s force of attraction, and the frequency with which minor earth shakes are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in expecting when and where earthquakes will strike. As a result, a worldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for (and thus lessen) the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected.

It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and get rid of their destructiveness altogether, but as how and why earthquakes happen become better

understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur.

1.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？

A. Earthquake destruction is declining

B. Earthquake forecast is improving

C. Man is no longer fearful of earthquakes.

D. Man is capable of conquering earthquakes

2.We can infer from the passage that quakes __________.

A. may happen anywhere at any time

B. mostly strike in oceans and mountains

C. are unobservable in masses of land

D. are hardly the direct cause of fatalities

3.The phrase “this element of the unknown” (Paragraph 3) refers to ___________.

A. the extension of earthquake zones

B. the percentage of earthquake occurrences

C. when and where earthquakes may occur

D. what big damage earthquakes may cause

4.Man‟s research on earthquake forecast at present is to ____________.

A. reduce the loss from earthquake disasters

B. lower the frequency of earthquakes

C. release the energy that causes earthquakes

D. analyze the relationship between different earthquakes

5. Which of the following describes the author‟s purpose in writing the passage？

A. Inform. the reader

B. Entertain the reader

C. Disprove a concept

D. Question a concept

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