题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Manual workers' working conditions generally remain bad because
A．the workers are unwilling to change them.
B．no one can decide what to do about them.
C．managers do not want to change them.
D．office workers want to protect their position.
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更多“Manual workers' working condit…”相关的问题
Despite a cooling of the economy, high-technology companies are still crying out for skilled workers. The Information Technology Association of America projects that more than 800, 000 technology jobs will go unfilled next year. The lack of qualified workers poses a huge threat to the U. S. economy.
The most commonly cited reason for this state of affairs is that the country's agrarian-age (农村时代) education system fails to prepare students in the primary and secondary grades for the 21st century work. Yet an inadequate and outmoded education system is only part of the problem. A less tangible (明确的) but equally powerful cause is an antique (过时的) classification system that divides the workforce into two camps; white-collar knowledge workers and blue-collar manual laborers.
Blue-collar workers emerged in the United States during the Industrial Age as work moved from farms to factories. White-collar office workers became a significant class in the twentieth century, outnumbering(多于) the blue-collar workers by mid-century. Corporations increasingly require a new layer of knowledge worker; a highly skilled multi-disciplined talent, who combines the mind of the white-collar worker with a solid grounding in mathematics and science (physics, chemistry, and biology). These "gold-collar" workers—so named for their contributions to their companies and to the economy as well as for their personal earning ability—apply their knowledge to technology.
The gold-collar worker already exists in a wide range of jobs. The maintenance technician who tests and repairs aircraft systems at American Airlines; the network administrator who manages systems and network operations at Procter & Gamble(宝洁公司) ; the engineering technologist who assists scientists at Sandia National Laboratories; and the advanced-manufacturing technician at Intel can all be regarded as gold-collar workers.
What does the word "projects" in the first paragraph mean？
A．Throws
B．Predicts
C．Concludes
D．Claims
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an【1】should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually,【2】, most people make several job choices during their working lives,【3】because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve【4】position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should【5】enter into a broad flexible training program that will【6】them for a field of work rather than for a single【7】.
Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans【8】benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing【9】about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss【10】.Some drift from job to job. Others【11】to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for【12】real or imagined prestige. Too many high school students-or their parents for them-choose the professional field,【13】both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal【14】. The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "white collar" job is【15】good reason for choosing it as life's work.【16】, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the【17】of young people should give serious【18】to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants【19】life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take【20】for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.
(1)
A．identification
B．entertainment
C．accommodation
D．occupation
Whether a job can be classified as labor or work depends on______.
A．whether it is manual or mental
B．the tastes of the person who undertakes it
C．the job itself
D．the attitude of the society toward it
The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.
Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk, a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of coronaries and forget their wives' birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.
The best title for the passage could be ______.
A．Work, Labor and Play
B．Ways Leading to Happiness
C．The Most Desirable Job in the World
D．The Necessity of Leisure
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
When a Shanghai ad consultant was recently asked to recommend young local designers to an international agency, he sent three candidates with years of work experience. But the company decided they weren't good enough and had to import designers from the West. It's a common problem that Chinese vocational grads simply haven't had good enough teaching. Most of the lecturers don't have any real work experience, so they can't teach useful things. When graduates do get hired, they basically have to be re-educated.
China's rapid economic expansion has exposed many frailties in its education system, especially on the vocational side. The country can't produce enough skilled workers. In part that's because it invests far more in academic than vocational programs. Funding has fallen significantly since the 1990s. Partly as a result, today only 38 percent or so of China's high-school-age students attend vocational schools, well below the official target of 50 percent. To address this deficit, last year Beijing pledged to spend almost $2 billion on 100 new vocational colleges and 1,000 high schools. And this year it started offering annual subsidies to vocational students.
But China's training is too abstract, what's urgently required are technicians who can come up with a good idea and turn it into a marketable product. Parts of the country are already adapting; in Shenzhen, local institutes offer "made to order" training for particular businesses. And some vocational colleges have introduced practical research projects.
But vocational education faces a deeper problem: its image. China's middle class is eager to forget its experience with physical labor, and few allow their children to become technical workers. Everyone thinks these are things that low-class people do. Thus China now produces record numbers of college grads—who struggle to find work because they lack the skills for manufacturing, where demand is greatest. One fix would be to re-brand vocational subjects as "professional", not "manual" skills.
At the other end of the spectrum are China's 100 million-plus rural migrant workers, many of whom have little schooling. They have never learned how to work with others, to live in the city, save money or choose the right job. Thus they find it hard to learn from their jobs or plan their careers. This results in extremely high labor turnover. Teaching and training" life skills" to complement vocational programs would help.
Yet the urgency of China's skilled-labor shortfall will force a rethink. For now, China is relying on cheap, low-skilled, labor-intensive production, but it's not sustainable in the long term, We must raise our skills level, and it's impossible for state-run colleges to do all the training. Indeed, with the demand for skilled workers growing all the time, China will need all the help it can get.
Why are Chinese vocational grads inferior to their Western counterparts？
A．Because China spends less on vocational education training.
B．Because they simply don't have enough work experience.
C．Because their lecturers are less qualified than the foreign ones.
D．Because their teachers don't want to teach any useful things.
______ is often the case, workers have over fulfilled their work program.
A．Which
B．It
C．That
D．As
Private ownership of property is described at the end of the passage as ______.
A．a production of early man's manual work
B．a demand for greater productivity in industry
C．varying with the shift in human agreements
D．denied by socialized production and exchange
In a modern factory, the workers feel frustrated in that
A．they are incapable of doing their work properly.
B．their work interferes with their private lives.
C．they feel they are merely a part of their machines.
D．their life is complicated by technological advances.
A.overweighed
B.overtake
C.overlooked
D.overspread
