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Climate, like weather, changes【27】time. It is true【28】these changes【29】a long time, but not as long as we might expect. Records show that over the centuries large portions of the earth have experienced great changes【30】climate.
(36)
A．effects
B．defects
C．infects
D．affects
By "at best, the results point to the least change people can expect", (Paragraph 3) the researchers try to tell us that
A．the impact of climate change is relatively minor.
B．the global warming is inevitable in the near future.
C．concentrations of greenhouse gases cannot be held steady.
D．the atmospheric conditions will be better than people think.
Ⅲ. Cloze (20 points)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.
We are interested in the weather because it (21) us so directly—what we wear, (22) we do, and even how we feel. Geographers, however, are (23) interested in climate than in weather. Climate is the pattern of all the weather conditions over a long period of time. Generally (24) , climate (25) to these normal weather conditions, not (26) daily or yearly changes.
Climate, like weather, changes (27) time. It is true (28) these changes (29) a long time, but not as long as we might expect. Records show that over the centuries large portions of the earth have experienced great changes (30) climate.
21. A. effects
B. defects
C. infects
D. affects
One group, led by Gerald Meehl at NCAR, used two state-of-the-art climate models to explore what could happen if the world had held atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases steady since 2000. The results: Even if the world had slammed on the brakes five years ago, global average temperatures would rise by about 1 degree Fahrenheit by the end of the 21st century. Sea levels would rise by another 4 inches over 20th-century increases. Rising sea-levels would continue well beyond 2100, even without adding water from melting glaciers and ice sheets. The rise highlights the oceans' enormous capacity to absorb heat and its slow reaction to changes in atmospheric conditions.
The team ran each model several times with a range of "what if" concentrations, as well as observed concentrations, for comparison. Temperatures eventually level out, Dr. Meehl says in reviewing his team's results. "But sea-level increases keep ongoing. The relentless nature of sea-level rise is pretty daunting". Dr. Wigley took a slightly different approach with a simpler model. He ran simulations that capped concentrations, at 2000 levels. If concentrations are held constant, warming could exceed 1.8 degrees F. by 2400. The two researchers add that far from holding steady, concentrations of greenhouse gases continue to rise. Thus, at best, the results point to the least change people can expect, they say.
The idea that some level of global climate change from human activities is inevitable is not new. But the word has been slow to make its way into the broader debate. "Many people don't realize we are committed right now to a significant amount of global warming and sea-level rise. The longer we wait, the more climate change we are committed to in the future", Meehl says.
While the concept of climate-change commitment isn't new, these fresh results "tell us what's possible and what's realistic" and that for the immediate future, "prevention is not on the table", says Roger Pielke Jr., director of the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research. To Pielke and others, this means adaptation should be given a much higher priority that it's received to date. "There's a cultural bias in favor of prevention", he says. But any sound policy includes preparation as well, he adds. "We have the scientific and technological knowledge we need to improve adaptation and apply that knowledge globally".
According to the research of NCAR, if the concentrations were held steady at 2000 levels, ______.
A．the ocean's capacity to absorb heat would decline.
B．the sea-level would keep on increasing.
C．the global average temperature would decrease.
D．significant climate change would not take place.
More and more of us are (1)_____ the TV networks. That's not news, of course; there have been countless stories on their (2)_____ audience. But I didn't realize how far out! had dropped (3)_____ I glanced at the Nielsen ratings of the top 71 shows. Of those 71 programs, I had not watched (4)_____ one. (5)_____, I could count only five that I had ever seen in my entire life. And of those five, there isn't one I watch (6)_____.
Despite its popularity, I don't like happy family shows. They're (7)_____. If I watch a family show, I prefer something lifelike, such as "Death' of a Salesman."
(8)_____ the second-rated program, "A Different World," I've never heard of it. If I want to see a different (9)_____, I'll drive to the west side of Chicago.
I (10)_____ watch" Cheers," which is still (11)_____ the top ten, but gave it up after Diana left and Sam began lusting after a career-crazed yuppie. Am I the only person in America who has never watched a segment of "Dallas"？ A while ago, I recall somebody important was killed on the "last (12)_____ of the season and almost everybody in America was caught up in the hype. I watched wrestling that night; I'll bet the acting was (13)_____.
It's not (14)_____ I'm snobbish—I enjoy TV (15)_____ as much as the next slob. But the (16)_____ of truly trashy trash has declined. I was one of the first writers in America to recognize the greatness of Robin Leach's "Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous." So, what do I watch？ I still turn to the networks, (17)_____ I have learned to exploit and cheat them. For example, I like football, but seldom watch it (18)_____. In stead, I (19)_____ it and later play it back an my VCR, fast-forwarding through all the commercials, the announcers' babble, the half-time drivel and even the huddles. I also watched movies, but only on some cable channels, (20)_____ the networks.
A．turning out
B．turning into
C．turning down
D．turning up
Questionsare based on the following passage．
Workers with skills in science， technology， engineering， and mathematics （STEM） are among the mmost in demand and highest paid．They are seen as key drivers of problem-solving and economic growth， who will help shape the future．And most of them are men．Nadya Fouad， a professor of educational psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee， and her colleagues surveyed more than 5，000 women who had graduated from some of the top universities with engineering degrees over the past six decades．They found that 40 percent had either quit the field or never entered the profession in the first place．For more than two decades， women have accounted for about 20 percent of all engineering degrees．Yet fewer than 11 percent of all engineers are women．For the most part， Fouad found that what really pushed women out were uncivil workplace climates， the expectation to put in long hours of face time in the office， and the feeling that there was little opportunity to advance．Of the women who left the field less than five years ago， two-thirds pursued better opportunities in other fields——72 percent became either managers or executives．One-third said they stayed home with children because their companies didn"t settle work-life conflicts．
It is not about making the women more confident or anything．It"s really about the climate in the workplace， Fouad said．Even women who are staying consider leaving because they don"t have superior support．They don"t have training and development opportunities．And their colleagues are not civil to them， look down upon them， or talk behind their backs．The fmdings add weight and context to previous looks at why more women don"t go into or don"t stay in STEM fields．The previous studies tend
to explain that women aren"t "naturally" smart enough， and that these are careers for men．Furthermore， Fouad makes recommendations to create a good work environment．The problem should be recognized that women aren"t leaving just because they want to spend time with their children．They"re leaving because of the difficult workplace climate and lack of opportunity to advance．The company， starting from the managers， is supposed to invest in professional training which is beneficial to the women"s development and advance．
It is commonly believed that STEM workers__________． 查看材料
A.receive less salary compared with their skills
B.are helpful to promote economic development
C.are more than in demand
D.resolve driving problems
完形填空：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。
Each morning, millions of us turn on our radios and televisions for the weather forecast. Do the cloudy skies mean rain？ Will rising temperatures bring a {AB、BB、C} to melt snow and ice？ Once we hear the forecast, we decide what clothes to wear and {AB、BB、C} to carry an umbrella or not.
{AB、BB、C},though, weather forecasts are obviously incorrect. Yes, though the accuracy of forecasts has improved in recent years, predicting(预测)the weather is a fascinating mixture of art and science.
Predicting the weather is not all hard science. The computers can only give some descriptions of the behavior. of the atmosphere(大气) Furthermore, even an accurate forecast for a large area may not take {AB、BB、C} the effect of local area on the weather. So some {AB、BB、C} of art is also necessary.
1.
A. climate
B. spell
C. term
2.
A. whether
B. what
C. if
3.
A. In no time
B. For the first time
C. From time to time
4.
A. the place of
B. care of
C. into consideration
5.
A. case
B. degree
C. extent
Are we under-employed, or overburdened with too many responsibilities？ Do we have a right balance of work and leisure in our lives？ Are our relationships with family, friends or fellow workers all they should be？
All these things can be a cause of stress, and it is best to face them honestly, and to bring our frustrations into the open. People who have a good row and then forget it are doing their health more good than those who bottle up their feelings.
(85) If our self-examination has brought any causes of stress to light, let us consider what we can do about them. It is possible to change jobs. We can make more leisure and fill it more happily, if we will accept a different living standard. We can improve our personal relationships by a different attitude. It is we who allow other people to make ourselves unhappy. Often the little things that disturb us are not worth an hour's anger. The teaching in the Bible "Let not the sun go down upon your wrath" is good advice from the health point of view as well as the religious.
Which of the following statements is TRUE？
A．Freedom from responsibilities helps relieve stress.
B．Stress is the direct cause of cancer.
C．The causes of stress are worthy of serious study.
D．Cancer is the number one killer in our society today.
