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Computers can always be viewed as hierarchical ordered systems that can be broken down into simpler

component parts in order to fully understand their operation.

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第1题

（非英语专业做）There was a time when parents who wanted an educational present for their ch

（非英语专业做）

There was a time when parents who wanted an educational present for their children would buy a typewriter, a globe or an encyclopedia set. Now those 【61】 seem hopelessly old fashioned. This Christmas, there were a lot of 【62】 computers under the tree. 【63】 that computers are the key to success, parents insist that children 【64】 taught to use them in school as early as possible.

The problem for schools is that when it 【65】 computers, parents do not always know best and are eagerly urging the schools to offer computer courses as soon as possible. Many schools are 【66】 parental impatience and are purchasing hardware hastily 【67】 good educational planning, saying "OK, we've moved into the computer age. " Teachers 【68】 themselves caught in the middle of the problem between parental pressure and 【69】 educational decisions.

Educators do not even agree 【70】 how computers should be used. A lot of money is going for computerized educational materials 【71】 can be taught 【72】 with pencil and paper. Even those who believe that all children should 【73】 to computer warn that there are potential 【74】 to the very young. The temptation of the computer is so strong that young children who quickly 【75】 themselves to it are never aware how much time they have 【76】 on it.

These are some other problems. 【77】 every school can afford to go into computing, and there is a division 【78】 the haves and the have-nots. Very few parents ask 【79】 computer instruction in poor school districts, 【80】 there may be barely enough money to pay the reading teacher.

(1)

A.items

B.toys

C.sets

D.series

(2)

A.private

B.children

C.school

D.personal

(3)

A.Giving

B.Providing

C.Convinced

D.Believed

(4)

(2分)

A.was

B.be

C.are being

D.were

(5)

(2分)

A.talks about

B.comes to

C.turns to

D.mentions to

(6)

(2分)

A.ignoring

B.blaming

C.yielding to

D.turning a deaf ear to

(7)

(2分)

A.without

B.with

C.through

D.for

(8)

(2分)

A.rely on

B.relax

C.free

D.find

(9)

(2分)

A.wise

B.clever

C.slow

D.enough

(10)

(2分)

A.on

B.with

C.to

D.about

(11)

(2分)

A.however

B.where

C.what

D.which

(12)

(2分)

A.equally

B.in the same way

C.just as well

D.not as well

(13)

(2分)

A.be open

B.have access

C.look

D.turn

(14)

(2分)

A.approaches

B.exposures

C.problems

D.means

(15)

(2分)

A.adopt

B.keep

C.adapt

D.devote

(16)

(2分)

A.cost

B.spent

C.taken

D.paid

(17)

(2分)

A.Nor

B.Not

C.No

D.Any

(18)

(2分)

A.among

B.amid

C.amidst

D.between

(19)

(2分)

A.for

B.against

C.to buy

D.to use

(20)

(2分)

A.due to that

B.in any case

C.although

D.where

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第2题

Text 4Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”—physical objects that ca

n be seen, held, felt, used—that a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.

Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.

Music is deep-rooted in the cultural background that fosters it. We now pay more and more attention to traditional or ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the folk music as we do with many traditional cultural heritage. Musicians all over the world are busy with recording classic music in their country for the sake of their unique culture. As always, people’s aspiration will always focus on their individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all cultures alike.

One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information-revolution”, a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.

第36题：Which of the following does not belong to material culture？

［A］ Instruments.

［B］ Music.

［C］ Paintings.

［D］ Sheet music.

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第3题

The Maryland Science Center s more than fun. You can enjoy the three floors of exciting th

ings, watch the larger-than-life play on the 4th floor, and travel to other worlds, to far away stars, on the 5th floor.

Don' t just look. You are expected to feel, to turn, to push. Build your own house and earn why t stands or falls. Use computers to work out plans just as famous scientists have done. There s always something new to learn at the Maryland Science Center.

Children and group visitors enjoy half price.

The excitement of the Maryland Science Center does not end when you leave. Visit the Science Store for a gift you' d like to keep. Electronic jewelry(电子珠宝), games, books, and more — take part of the Science Center home with you.

Information

Where to call:

24 hour general(常规的) information(410)685-5225

24 hour STARLINE night, sky information (410)S39-STAR

Group visitor information (410) 685-2370

Hours:

The Maryland Science Center is open 7 days a week(except Thanksgiving Day and Christmas

Day)

Monday-Friday 10 a. m.-p. m

Saturday and Sunday 10a.m.-p.m.

Whacan visitors do at the Maryland Science Center？

A．Learn science by trying it out.

B．Watch and take part in a play.

C．Make gifts for their friends.

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第4题

It may turn out that the "digital divide"—one of the most fashionable political slogans of

recent years—is largely fiction. As you will recall, the argument went well beyond the unsurprising notion that the rich would own more computers than the poor. The disturbing part of the theory was that society was dividing itself into groups of technology "haves" and "have-nots" and that this segregation would, in turn, worsen already large economic inequalities. It is this argument that is either untrue or wildly exaggerated.

We should always have been suspicious. After all, computers have spread quickly because they have become cheaper to buy and easier to use. Falling prices and skill requirements suggest that the digital divide would spontaneously shrink—and so it has.

Now, a new study further discredits the digital divide. The study, by economist David Card of the University of California, Berkeley, challenges the notion that computers have significantly worsened wage inequality. The logic of how this supposedly happens is straightforward: computers raise the demand for high-skilled workers, increasing their wages. Meanwhile, computerization—by automating many routine tasks—reduces the demand for low-skilled workers and, thereby, their wages. The gap between the two widens.

Superficially, wage statistics support the theory. Consider the ratio between workers near the top of the wage distribution and those near the bottom. Computerization increased; so did the wage gap.

But wait, point out Card and DiNardo. The trouble with blaming computers is that the worsening of inequality occurred primarily in the early 1980s. With computer use growing, the wage gap should have continued to expand, if it was being driven by a shifting demand for skills. Indeed, Card and DiNardo find much detailed evidence that contradicts the theory. They conclude that computerization does not explain "the rise in U.S. wage inequality in the last quarter of the 20th century".

The popular perception of computers' impact on wages is hugely overblown. Lots of other influences count for as much, or more. The worsening of wage inequality in the early 1980s, for example, almost certainly reflected the deep 1981—1982 recession and the fall of inflation. Companies found it harder to raise prices. To survive, they concluded that they had to hold down the wages of their least skilled, least mobile and youngest workers.

The "digital divide" suggested a simple solution (computers) for a complex problem (poverty). With more computer access, the poor could escape their lot. But computers never were the source of anyone's poverty and, as for escaping, what people do for themselves matters more than what technology can do for them.

It is generally believed that the digital divide is something ______.

A．that is responsible for economic inequalities.

B．deemed to be positive in poverty-relief.

C．that results from falling computer prices.

D．getting worse because of the Internet.

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第5题

May be you have seen this in schools: some students are studying nearly all the time

but they just pass their exams, while some others may spend much less time on their books but do much better in exams. How could this happen？ People used to think that hard work is the only way to success. But now they have understood that smart work can make them succeed too. Hard workers don’t mind working for long hours, while smart workers always think of several different answers to these questions, such as “Why should I suffer this？ ” or “Isn’t there a way to do this？ ” Thanks to these people, we can use computers instead of the abacus now. progress in every field is the direct result of “trying to find a better way ” by smart workers. There was a large soap factory in Japan. Once it received an unusual letter from someone who complained that there was no soap in the soap in the soapbox he bought.How could empty soapboxes go out of the factory？ The engineers checked the producing and packing. The producing was fine, but in about ten thousand soapboxes, the packing machine let an empty soapbox go. There was no need to spend a lot of money repairing the machine for such a small problem. The engineer soon worked out a solution. He put a huge X-ray machine and two large computers to find out the empty soapboxes. After teaching the workers how to use it, he sat down in his seat, exhausted.

“Sir, we could have solved the problem in a much simpler and cheaper way, ” a worker sa id.

“Really？ How？”

“We can put a huge fan near the packing machine. The wind coming from the fan will blow away the empty boxes, leaving the other boxes with soap. ”

See, this is smart work. In order to succeed, we should not only work hard like the engineer, but also think smart like this worker.

1. Some students spend less time on school work but do better in exams because they study longer.

A: F

B: T

2.The passage mainly tells us we should work hard like the engineer and think smart like theworker.

A: T

B: F

3.The soap factory could only put a huge fan near the packing machine to solve problem in amuch simpler and cheaper way.

A: F

B: T

4.The underlined phrase “blow away”means “停止” in Chinese.

A: T

B: F

5.Someone wrote to the soap factory and complained that the soapbox he bought was terrible.

A: F

B: T

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第6题

Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital

waiting room. But the_____(1)popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become_____(2)on computers throughout the day, and desktops-which keep doctors from besides-are_____(3)giving way to wireless devices.

As clerical loads increased, "something had to_____(4), and that was always face time with patients," says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago&39;s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped_____(5)a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so_____(6)that all internal-medicine program adopted the same_____(7)in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. "You&39;ll want an iPad just so you can wear this" is the slogan for one of the new lab coats_____(8)with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.

A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and_____(9) faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents.Many patients also_____(10) a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.

A.dependent

B.designed

C.fast

D.flying

E.gained

F.give

G.growing

H.launch

I.policy

J.prospect

K.rather

L.reliable

M.signal

N.successful

O.treatments

第1题答案是：

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第7题

The Maryland Science Center is more than fun. You can enjoy the three floors of exciti

ng things, watch the larger-than-life play on the 4th floor, and travel to other words, to faraway stars, on the 5th floor. Don’t just look. You are expected to feel, to turn, to push. Build your own house and learn why it stands or falls. Use computers to work out plans just as famous scientists have done. There is always something new to learn at the Maryland Science Center. Children and group visitors enjoy half price. The excitement of the Maryland Science Center does not end when you leave. Visit the Science Store for a gift you’d like to keep. Electronic jewelry, games, books, and more–take part of the Science Center home with you. Information

Where to call: 24 hour general information (410) 686-5225 24 hour

STARLINE night sky information (410) 539-STAR

Group visitor information (410) 68502370

Hours: The Maryland Science Center is open 7 days a week (except Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day) Monday–Friday 10 am–6 pm Saturday and Sunday 10 am – 8 pm

1.What can visitors do at the Maryland Science Center？()

A、Learn science by trying it out.

B、Watch and take part in a play.

C、Make gifts for their friends.

2.The Maryland Science Center usually stays open on weekends()

A、from 10 am -- 6 pm

B、from 10 am -- 8 pm

C、24 hours

3.By calling (410) 685-2370 we can get information about()

A、the night sky show

B、books and games

C、group price tickets