题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A.Some law school teachers will lose their jobs
B.Those schools will have financial problems
C.The class hours will be shortened
D.Those schools will have to recruit younger students
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A.Teenagers' idleness and ignorance will produce serious effect on all concerned and for society as a whole
B.Teenagers' idleness and ignorance will produce positive effect on all concerned and for society as a whole
C.Teenagers' idleness and ignorance won't produce any serious effect at all
D.Teenagers' idleness and ignorance will produce serious effect only on themselves
By saying that "the decision is the prospect' s",the author means ______.
A．advertisement often persuades people to buy what they don't really want
B．advertisement can never really influence people's ability to decide
C．whether to buy an advertised product is up to the would-be customer
D．the effect of an advertisement on the public is difficult to determine
(80) Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew. They also study the levels within a society. For example, the child is part of the family, the family is part of the neighborhood, and the neighborhood is part of the community. There are many different groups, and sociologists are interested in the effect that these groups have on people.
A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the 1830s. He suggested that a new science was necessary to study a society of people. A famous book, Principles of Sociology, was published by an Englishman, Herbert Spencer, in 1882. This book had an unprecedented (史无前例的) effect on the science of sociology. In this book, Spencer theorized that a society's customs evolved, or grew, from very simple to more complicated and advanced. This theory shows the influence that Charles Darwin (who believed that man had evoked from very simple forms to the present human) had on Spencer.
What is the best title for this passage？
A．Society.
B．People's Interests.
C．Society in Different Nations.
D．Sociology.
It has long been the subject of speculation among the police and criminologists: what would happen if all the officers who now spend so much of their time taking statements, profiling criminals and moving pieces of paper around were suddenly put on the streets？ Crime figures released by London's Metropolitan Police this week provide the best answer yet.
Following the bombings of July 7th and 21st, thousands of police officers materialised on London's pavements, many of them sporting brightly coloured jackets. Drawn from all over the city, they were assigned to guard potential targets such as railway stations. The police presence was especially heavy in the bombed boroughs: Camden (which was struck three times), Hammersmith and Fulham, Lambeth, Tower Hamlets, Westminster and the City of London.
The show of force did not just scare off terrorists. There was less crime in July than in May or June, which is unusual: the warmer month tends to bring out criminal tendencies, as windows are left open and alcohol is imbibed alfresco. But the chilling effect was much stronger in the six boroughs that were targeted by terrorists. There, overall crime was down by 12% compared with July 2004.In inner London as a whole, crime fell by 6%. But in outer London, where the blue line was thinner, it went up slightly.
Simon Foy, who tracks such trends at the Metropolitan Police, says that crime fell particularly steeply on the days of the attacks, partly because of the overwhelming police presence and partly because "even criminals were watching their televisions". What is significant is that crime barely rose thereafter. That was a change from the aftermath of September 11th 2001, when crime quickly soared just about everywhere—possibly because officers were deployed only in the very centre of London.
"The received wisdom among criminologists is that marginal changes invisible patrolling have little or no effect on crime," says Mike Hough, a criminologist at King's College London. July's experiment should put that argument to rest. Even if offenders do not make rational calculations about the odds of being caught—which was low both before and after the bombings—they will be moved by a display of overwhelming force.
What does the word "materialise" mean in the second paragraph？
A．Bomb.
B．Investigate.
C．Provoke.
D．Appear.
A) underlined
B) devoted
C) effect
D) successful
E) influence
F) inquired
G) Sparked
H) flashed
I) induces
J) collision
K) consensus
L) obligation
M) charge
N) rousing
O) rising
Have you ever heard of Jon Stewart？ He is currently one of the most popular comics on television. His pessimistic view of the politics and government(1)laughter, thought and even anger. He has a clever wit that often runs into(2)with some government policies. His whole show is(3)to making fun of the nonsense that occurs in politics. But, what makes his show so(4)is his ability to tell his jokes with intelligence.
"It's not just comedy," said one media expert. "His comments have a lot of(5)over a very large audience in America. He has a lot of political power."
Recently Stewart was a guest on a news show about politics. The host journalist(6)a heated debate when he(7)about Stewart's responsibility to the American public. Stewart argued that while the content of the script for his show may be political in nature, his primary(8)is to entertain. The host journalist, however, emphasized the political influence of his performance. The argument ended up(9)anger from both parties. The incident(10)how sensitive some people can be to what others find funny. It also showed how important comedians have become to politics. Collocation
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
King Richard III was a monster. He poisoned his wife, stole the throne from his two young nephews and ordered them to be smothered in the Tower of London. Richard was a sort of Antichrist the King—"that bottled spider, that poisonous bunch-backed toad".
Anyway, that was Shakespeare's version. Shakespeare did what the playwright does: he turned history into a vivid, articulate, organized dream-repeatable nightly. He put the crouch back onstage, and sold tickets.
And who would say that the real Richard known to family and friends was not identical to Shakespeare's memorably loathsome creation？ The actual Richard went dimming into the past and vanished. When all the eye-witnesses are gone, the artist's imagination begins to twist.
Variations on the King Richard Effect are at work in Oliver Stone's JFK. Richard III was art, but it was propaganda too. Shakespeare took the details of his plot from Tudor historians who wanted to blacken Richard's name. Several centuries passed before other historians began to write about Richard's virtues and suggest that he may have been a victim of Tudor malice and what is the cleverest conspiracy of all: art.
JFK is a long and powerful harangue about the death of the man—Stone keeps calling "the slain young king.' What are the rules of Stone's game？ Is Stone functioning as commercial entertainer？ Propagandist？ Documentary filmmaker？ Historian？ Journalist？ Fantasist？ Sensationalist？ Crazy conspiracy-monger？ Lone hero crusading for the truth against a corrupt Establishment？ Answer: some of the above.
The first superficial effect of JFK is to raise angry little scruples like welts in the conscience. Wouldn't it be absurd if a generation of younger Americans, with no memory of 1963, were to form. their ideas about John Kennedy's assassination from Oliver Stone's report of it？ But worse things have happened—including, perhaps, the Warren Commission report？
Stone uses a suspect, mixed art form, and JFK raises the familiar ethical and historical problems of docudrama. But so what？ Artists have always used public events as raw material, have taken history into their imaginations and transformed it. The fall of Troy vanished into the Iliad. The Battle of Borodino found its most memorable permanence in Tolstoy's imagining of it in War and Peace.
Especially in a world of insatiable electronic storytelling, real history procreates, endlessly conjuring new versions of itself. Public life has become a metaphysical breeder of fictions. Watergate became an almost continuous television miniseries—although it is interesting that the movie of Woodward and Bernstein's All The President's Men stayed close to the known facts and, unlike JFK, did not validate dark conjecture.
Shakespeare's creation is used in the text to introduce ______.
A．his powerful imaginations.
B．artists' distortion of history.
C．his well-established fame.
D．historians' interest in art.
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
The pollution of Hong Kong's beaches by oil from a damaged tanker last year recalls a similar incident which took place in Britain in 1967 when the Torrey Canyon, a huge oil tanker, split in two and caused disaster in coastal areas. Shoals of fishes were killed, sea birds hopelessly fouled with oil and coastal holiday resorts put out of business for several weeks. As a result of this particular incident scientists are becoming restless at the thought of Britain's inability to cope with national disasters on a large scale. The reason for their concern is that technology is rapidly outstripping(超越) man's ability to control it.
Oil tankers, for instance, have been allowed to get bigger and bigger without sufficient thought being given to emergency braking and maneuvering arrangement. Collisions at sea continue, but little effect has been made to develop safety devices as effective as those used for aircraft.
Scientists were outspoken in expressing their concern during a recent meeting of the British Association. Unanimous approval was voiced when the leading speaker urged that a permanent national rescue services should be established, equipped for any emergency and ready to move off immediately.
Of all the possible disasters mentioned, the one promoting most discussion was a major release of radioactivity from a nuclear power station. One does not need a particularly vivid imagination to visualize the other possibilities discussed. What would be the effect of a jumbo-jet crashing on a large chemical plant handling destroying liquids？ Could the tapping of natural gas lead to any form. of collapse？ Suppose a lorry full of a highly poisonous chemical crashed unseen into a large reservoir？ Dams can burst, abnormal conditions can lead to massive electrical blackouts.
An intensive study of such possibilities could at least reduce the effects of future disasters. For example, it would mean that a number of technical alternatives (such as the choice between detergent or chalk for dispersing oil) could be examined and tested in advance so that specially trained expert would know exactly what action was needed in a given emergency.
The main idea of the second paragraph is that ______.
A．safety precautions in aircraft are not as effective as those used on ships
B．modern oil tankers can stop or turn easily in spite of their size
C．there are now fewer collisions at sea because of modern safety devices
D．oil tankers are so big that special devices are needed
One story of the discovery of the coffee plant relates to this effect of caffeine. According to the story, coffee was discovered in East Africa. The story says that coffee was first found by a goat farmer named Kaldi. This was about the year 850.
Kaldi was leading his animals through the mountains and the goats were stopping repeatedly to eat the plants near the path. Suddenly, some of the goats started jumping up and down in a very strange way.
Kaldi figured out that the goats were acting this way because of the plants they were eating. Kaldi himself tried eating some of the green beans that the goats had been eating. He, too, felt the stimulating effect of the beans.
Kaldi wanted to prove what had happened, so he picked some of the beans and took them back to his home village, where he told his story. The green bean got the name "Kaffa" and later "coffee" because the beans were discovered in a place called Kaffa in Africa.
Then for years, people used to eat a few of the green Kaffa beans when they were in the mountains and needed extra energy or stimulation. It was later found that the coffee beans could be picked and then dried until they turned brown, and then they could be stored. If the beans were dried and stored, they could be used at any time.
Caffeine is a kind of drug that can______.
A．strengthen one's heart
B．make one's bones strong
C．make one more active or alert
D．ease the pain on the body
In order to predict the relationship between independent and dependent variables, many scientific theories make use of what are called intervening variables. Intervening variables are purely theoretical concepts that cannot be observed directly. To predict the flight of a ping-pong ball, Newtonian physics relies on a number of intervening variables, including force, mass, air resistance, and gravity. You can probably anticipate that the intervening variables of biorhythm theory are the three bodily cycles with their specified time periods. It should be emphasized that not all psychological theories include intervening variables, and some psychologists object to their use precisely because they are not directly observable.
The final major component of a scientific theory is its syntax, or the rules and definitions that state how the independent and dependent variables are to be measured, and that specify the relationships among independent variables, intervening variables, and dependent variables. It is the syntax of biorhythm theory that describes how to use a person's birthday to calculate the current status of the three cycles. The syntax also relates the cycles to the dependent variable, performance, by stating that positive cycles should cause high levels of performance whereas low or critical cycles should cause low performance levels. To summarize, the components of a scientific theory can be divided into four major categories: independent variables, dependent variables, intervening variables, and syntax.
Based on the passage, causality may have the meaning that ______.
A．cause and effect can be independent of each other
B．there is hardly anything that happens without a cause
C．dependent and independent variables affect each other
D．cause and effect may vary respectively in most events
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. A person's self- concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a great effect on all areas of their lives.
Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance (放心) that they are doing "the right thing". Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority (自卑). They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments (赞扬) because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one, "You're just saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not true." It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.
Can shyness be completely eliminated (消除), or at least reduced？ Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths.People's expectations of themselves must be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.
Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual. We are interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. Let's not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.
The first paragraph is mainly about ______.
A．the characteristics of shy people
B．the cause of shyness
C．the questions in the minds of shy people
D．the effect of shyness on people
The idea arose because of the 【B4】 behavior. of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 【B6】 what was done in the experiment; 【B7】 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 【B8】 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 【B9】 to alter workers' behavior. 【B10】 itself.
After several decades, the same data were 【B11】 to econometric analysis. The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store. 【B12】 the descriptions on record, no systematic 【B13】 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.
It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 【B14】 interpretations of what happened. 【B15】 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 【B16】 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 【B17】 to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers 【B19】 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 【B20】 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.
【B1】
A．affected
B．achieved
C．extracted
D．restored
