题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Soil that is rich in organic matter______.
A．has nothing nutritious added to it
B．is essential for producing fruit and vegetables
C．contains unused vegetable matter
D．has had chemicals and fertilizers added to it
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【B4】______ , in many parts of the world, man has not realized that the 【B5】______ of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large 【B6】______ , only to find that 【B7】______ them he has lost the best friend he had.
Two 【B8】______ years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships 【B9】______ to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire, but without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire 【B10】______ to pieces, the home country found itself faced by floods and starvation.
【B11】______ a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this ,the villager wants wood to cook his food 【B12】______ ; and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or too 【B13】______ to plant and look after new trees. So, 【B14】______ the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that the villagers' sons and grandsons have 【B15】______ trees. The results are even more serious; for where there are trees their roots break the soil up allowing the rain to sink in and also bind the soil, thus preventing 【B16】______ washed away on the surface, causing floods and carrying 【B17】______ ground away 【B18】______ it the rich top-soil, in which crops grow so well. When all the top-soil is 【B19】______ , nothing remains 【B20】______ worthless desert.
A．with
B．at
C．in
D．through
Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. (78)In his eagerness to make money from trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he bad. And besides, be is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even more serious: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil—allowing the rain to sink in—and also bind the soil, thus preventing it from being washed away easily; but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing remains but worthless desert.
Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It set up the empire but, without its trees, its soil became poor and it grew weak. When the empire fell to pieces, the home country found itself faced with floods and starvation.
What is the most important service of trees to man according to the passage？
A．They help him make money.
B．They give. him wood and other products.
C．They help him prevent droughts and floods.
D．They give him shade.
The resaults are more serious: for where there are trees their roots break the soil allowing the rain to sink and also hold the soil, thus preventing it from being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor.
The rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods, and carry away with it the rich top soil in which crops grow so well. When all the top soil is gone, nothing remains but worthless desert.
The purpose that the writer wrote this article for is ______.
A．to tell people that trees are very useful to man
B．to warn people not to cut down trees any more
C．to warn that man mustn't destroy forests any more
D．to explain how trees help to prevent drought and floods
No activity affects more of the earth's surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planet's land area, not (27) Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in (28) from land already in (29) , but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a (30) in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the 1970s and 1980s.
All these activities may have (31) environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single (32) of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may (33) water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods (34) exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the (35) of old varieties of food plants which (36) some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, (37) the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate (38) to diminish the soil's productivity. The country subsequently (39) a program to convert 11 percent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is (40) much faster than in America.
A．however
B．therefore
C．but
D．hence
（非英语专业做）
Increasingly over the past 10 years, People especially young people have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today.
Natural foods, for example, include vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount but not the quality of foods grown in commercial farming areas.
Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: There are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.
It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on "healthy eating".
People have become more interested in natural foods because______.
A．they like changing their diet from time to time
B．they want to eat food that is more delicious
C．much of the food they eat is no longer considered to be healthy
D．they want to be fashionable
In ancient times, man settled near rivers or on river banks and built up large empires.
Water is the Nature's most precious gift to man. Man needs water to irrigate his crops, to cook and to wash. In nations all over the world rivers mean life and wealth. They feed and clothe the nations around them.
Water is also a source of energy and power. Man constructs huge dams across the river to control the water for irrigation and get the energy needed to drive generators. The electrical power is then directed to homes, cities, factories and television stations.
Man uses water each day. His main source of water comes from reservoirs, which in turn get their water from the rivers.
Rivers also bring down soil and minerals from the mountains and deposit them on the plains building up rich river deltas for raising plants and crops. Fresh water life in rivers or in lakes fed by them provide man with food.
In a small way rivers help to keep man in good health and provide for his amusements. Various forms of water sports keep man strong and healthy.
Rivers have run on this earth long before man. Man's future ability to live is uncertain, but rivers will flow on forever.
Rivers have been important to man______.
A．since the last century
B．for a very long time
C．since a few hundred years ago
D．since a few years ago
In ancient times, man settled near rivers or on fiver banks and built up large empires.
Water is Nature’s most precious gift to man. Man needs water to irrigate his crops, to cook and to wash. In nations all over the world rivers mean life and wealth. They feed and clothe the nations around them.
Water is also a source of energy and power. Man constructs huge dams across the river to control the water for irrigation and get the energy needed to drive generators. The electrical power is then directed to homes, cities, factories and television stations.
Man uses water each day. His main source of water comes from reservoirs, which in turn get their water from the rivers.
Rivers also bring down soil and minerals from the mountains and deposit them on the plains building up rich fiver deltas for raising plants and crops. Fresh water life in rivers or in lakes fed by them provide man with food.
In a small way rivers help to keep man in good health and provide for his amusements. Various forms of water sports keep man strong and healthy.
Rivers have run on this earth long before man. Man’s future ability to live is uncertain, but rivers will flow on forever.
Rivers have been important to man ______.
A．since the last century
B．for a very long time
C．since a few hundred years ago
D．since a few years ago
Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $150 billion on industrial waste. The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. So waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $5 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste.
Waste also presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a potential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a world without waste, with rubbish being routinely recycled.
Until last summer such views were spreading quickly. But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had argued rubbish was on the way out now say that unless they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear.
Subsidies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to clean up after themselves and ideally ensure that the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.
That may sound simple enough, but governments seldom get the rules right. In poorer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also prone to imposing arbitrary targets and taxes. California, for example, wants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environmental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste” sounds politically attractive.
What’s the main idea of the first paragraph？
A．Waste is everywhere.
B．Waste is very harmful.
C．Waste should be treated universally.
D．Waste can be an opportunity.
(79) Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic (有机的) matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount—but not the quality—of foods grown in commercial farming areas.
Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures(牧场). Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food, they also lay eggs which lack important' vitamins.
There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a non-essential food ! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if it is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form. of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fiber.
(80) It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantifies of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modem experts on "healthy eating".
People have become more interested in natural foods because ______.
A．they are more health conscious
B．they want to taste all kinds of foods
C．natural foods are more delicious than processed foods
D．they want to return to nature
