题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
［A］ give-ins to the bombing
［B］ setbacks of US-led administration
［C］ examples of US-Iraqi cooperation
［D］ compromises of some kind
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For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.
The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.
Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the U.S., especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing". Such observations reported by visitors to the U.S. are not uncommon, but are nor always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions under lies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
In the eyes of visitors from the outside world ______.
A．rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the U.S.
B．small-minded officials deserve a serious comment
C．Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
D．most Americans are ready to offer help
The panel—called the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States—was set up by the National Defense Authorization Act of 1997 and first met in January 1998. Its nine policymakers; technologists, and senior military officials had "unprecedented access to the most sensitive and highly classified information," said panel chairperson Donald Rumsfield, a former secretary of defense, at a press conference here. The panel found that liberalized export controls, increased international exchanges of students and scientific personnel, and leaks of classified information have resulted in "massive technology transfer" both from developed nations to rogue nations and between those countries themselves. Moreover, potential aggressors could minimize the technical challenge by settling for missiles with limited accuracy or reliability.
The report warns that nations with Scud missile technology, such as Iran, could test a long-range missile within about 5 years from deciding to pursue such a program. North Korea also has the technology for producing biological weapons, the panel noted. Test flights of their missiles that would be able to reach parts of Hawaii and Alaska could take place within 6 months of a decision. Because of the United Nations arms inspections, however, Iraq is lagging behind and would take 10 years from initiating an effort to posing a missile threat to the United States.
Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich called the report "the most important warning about our national security since the end of the Cold War," and urged the establishment of a bipartisan, bicameral committee to work with the Administration to decide: future policy. A White House spokesperson was noncommittal, saying that the report's recommendations on intelligence analysis would be taken into account, but that the administration stood by its March intelligence assessment. That report concluded that it is unlikely that countries other than Russia, China, or North Korea could deploy a ballistic missile capable of reaching any part of the United States before 2010.
The U.S. intelligence community and the Clinton Administration think that______
A．the U.S. will not be attacked by missile in the near future
B．other countries may attack the U.S. with missile right after they declare war
C．the U.S. may haw a sudden missile attack
D．the U.S. will never be attacked by missile
The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints
One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls(萝状指纹)and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints．Losing them could become troublesome．A case【51】______online in a letter by Annals of Oncology indicates how big a【52】______losing finger prints is．
Eng-Huat Tan，a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year-old man who has used capecitabine(卡培他滨)to【53】______his nasopharyngeal cancer(鼻咽症)．After three years on the【54】______，the patient decided to visit his U．S．relatives last December．But he was stopped by U．S． customs officials【55】______4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get finger prints from the man．There were no【56】______swirly(旋涡状的)marks appearing from his index fin ger．
U．S．customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years，Tan says．Unfortunately， for the Singaporean traveler，one potential【57】______effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads．【58】______，no fingerprints．
“It is uncertain when fingerprint【59】______will begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine，”Tan points out．So he【60】______any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with a doctor's【61】______pointing Out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear．
Eventually，the Singaporean traveler made it into the United States．But he's also now got the explanatory doctor's note-and won't leave home【62】______it．
By the way，maybe the Food and Drug Administration，【63】______approved use of the drug 11 years ago，should consider updating its list of side effects【64】______with this medicine．The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting(呕吐)，stomach pain and some other side effects． But no where【65】______it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints．
(51)
A．released
B．suggested
C．accepted
D．detected
Now in this industrialized world people are inclined to choose material possessions. This is true of doctors, too. The high income of doctors is the envy of other people. Many high school graduates are eager to get into medical colleges, and countless girls consider doctors to be their best choice of husbands. For many years the public has charged that doctors in public hospitals demand money from patients. The amount of money the patients give determines the kind of treatment they receive. It has also been said that drug companies have to pay the doctors so that the latter will use their products.
Recently a large medicine factory set up by the U.S. Investors declared that it will stop giving "kickbacks" to doctors as the factory bas spent too much to promote sales over the years. This declaration has caused quite a stir in our society. We wonder what the officials who have denied the dealings mentioned above will say about this.
According to the passage why did the doctors in Taiwan deserve our highest admiration in former times？ ______.
A．Because they were a group of qualified doctors
B．Because they ranked first in wealth
C．Because they were able to cure the sick of poverty
D．Because they were the doctors with medical morals as well as medical skill
Which, to all appearances, is what Singapore wanted. The question of whether anyone should care about Michael Fay is idle. Though Singapore officials profess shock at the attention his case had drawn, they know Americans care deeply about the many sides of this issue. Does a teenager convicted of spraying cars with easily removable paint deserve half a dozen powerful strokes？ At what point does swift, sure punishment become torture？ By what moral authority can America, with its high rates of lawlessness and license, preach of a safe society about human rights？
The caning sentence has concentrated minds wondrously on an already lively domestic debate over what constitutes a due balance between individual and majority rights. Too bad Michael Fay has become a focus for this discussion. Not only does he seem destined to be pummeled and immobilized, but the use of Singapore as a standard for judging any other society, let alone the cacophonous U.S., is fairly worthless.
To begin with, Singapore is an offshore republic that tightly limits immigration. Imagine crime-ridden Los Angeles, to which Singapore is sometimes contrasted, with hardly any inflow of the hard-luck, often desperate fortune seekers who flock to big cities. Even without its government's disciplinary measures, Singapore more than plausibly would be much the same as it is now. An academic commonplace today is that the major factor determining social peace and prosperity is culture—a sense of common identity, tradition and values.
Unlike Singapore, though, the U.S. today is a nation in search of a common culture, trying to be a universal society that assimilates the traditions of people from all over the world. Efforts to safeguard minority as well as individual rights have produced a gridlock in the justice system. Its troubles stem more from the decay of family life than from any government failures. Few societies can afford to look on complacently. As travel eases and cultures intermix, the American experience is becoming the world's.
The circumstances of this affair—evidently no Singaporean has ever been punished under the Vandalism Act for defacing private property—suggest that Singapore has used Fay as an unwilling point man in a growing quarrel between East and West about human rights.
What did the writer say happened to Michael Fay in Singapore？
A．His case captured worldwide attention.
B．He received severe punishment.
C．His experience was out of the ordinary.
D．He was likely to be disabled.
For a long period of time and {n many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome source of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.
The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life, if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.
Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when. an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
In the eyes of visitors from the outside world______
A．rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the U.S.
B．small-minded officials deserve a serious comment
C．Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
D．most Americans are ready to offer help
This development—and its strong implications for U.S. politics and economy in years ahead—has enthroned the South as America's most densely-populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting.
Altogether, the U.S. population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people—numerically the third-largest growth ever re corded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.
Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War Ⅱ, and the pattern still prevails.
Three sun-bait states—Florida, Texas and California—together had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th—with Cleveland and Washington DC, dropping out of the top 10.
Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too—and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's "baby boom" generation reached its child-bearing years.
Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: more and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances:
Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate—37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the U.S. population.
Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people—about 9 per square mile.
The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state.
In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the West. Often they chose—and still are choosing—somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent—little more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in 1970s ______.
A．enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history
B．witnessed a southwestern shift of population
C．underwent an unparalleled period of population growth
D．brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War Ⅱ
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
People in business can use foresight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and services. An increase in minority populations in a neighborhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more foods linked to ethnic tastes. An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibits more appealing to younger visitors.
Foresight may reveal potential threats that we can prepare to deal with before they become crises. For instance, a corporate manager with foresight might see an alarming rise in local housing prices that could affect the availability of skilled workers in the region. The public's changing values and priorities, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, economic constraints (or opportunities), and environmental and resource concerns are all parts of the increasingly complex world system in which leaders must lead.
People in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly, to plan budgets, and to prevent wars. Government leaders today must deal with a host of new problems emerging from rapid advances in technology.
Even at the community level, foresight is critical: school officials, for example, need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new educational technologies to deploy, and new skills for students (and their teachers) to develop.
Many of the best-known techniques for foresight were developed by government planners, especially in the military, when the post-World War Ⅱ atomic age made it critical to "think about the unthinkable" and prepare for it. Pioneering futurists at the: RAND Corporation (the first "think tank") began seriously considering what new technologies might emerge in the future and how these might affect U.S. security. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new ways for thinking about the future.
The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the present world, so we can learn a great deal about what may happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happening now. The key thing to watch is not events (sudden developments or one-day occurrences) but trends (long-term ongoing shifts in such things as population, land use, technology, and governmental systems).
Using these techniques and many others, futurists now can tell us many things that may happen in the future. Some are nearly certain to happen, such as the continuing expansion in the world's population. Other events are viewed as far less likely, but could be extremely important if they do occur, such as an asteroid colliding with the planet.
Correctly exercising foresight is shown in the case of
A．new products and services.
B．an increase in minority populations.
C．stocking more foods with ethnic tastes.
D．the art museum director.
"Zambo" and "Bobo" are well-connected in St Kitts. They have lived on bail for a decade, be fore being locked up last month. Their lawyers hit back with a habeas corpus writ, to be heard on January 18th. If that fails, the way is open for officials to put the two on a plane.
For reasons of principle, or of friendships in tight-knit communities, or both, Caribbean countries have been reluctant to extradite their own nationals. The Caribbean has also become something of a heaven for foreigners wanted elsewhere in the world. This may now change. The next important test comes in May, when the Privy Council will rule on Samuel "Ninety" Knowles, a Bahamian who has held out since 2000 against a charge by a grand jury in Florida.
Procedural complexities and powerful lawyers may still stop extraditions. In September in Belize, Dean Barrow, a lawyer who is also the leader of the parliamentary opposition, hedged an American attempt to extradite a drug suspect. He found mistakes in supporting paperwork, which excluded the use of vital wiretap evidence.
Extradition of foreigners, especially to their home country, is often easier. Viktor Kozeny, a Czech-born resident of the Bahamas, has been held in Nassau since October. He is wanted in New York for corruption stemming from the privatisation of Azerbaijan's oil company, and faces other charges in Prague.
Mr. Kozeny will fight hard. His lawyers include Philip Davis, a member of parliament for the governing party and former legal partner of the prime minister. Even so, the authorities seem reluctant to grant bail. Perhaps that is because Mr. Kozeny holds a pilot's licence and Irish and Venezuelan passports. He was once a diplomat for Grenada.
Non-citizens are sometimes simply expelled. Two Belizean women picked up $50,000 each on the Oprah Winfrey Show in October, their reward for spotting an alleged rapist from the United States who was sent home two days later for trial. It is rarely so quick or easy.
Noel Heath and Glenroy Matthew are probably
A．citizens of the U.S.
B．traffickers in Caribbean.
C．citizens of the U.K.
D．nationals in St. Kitts.
