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[单选题]
Natural conversation outside the classroom is ________ .A. intentionalB. spontaneousC.
A. intentional
B. spontaneous
C. dynamic
D. static
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题目内容
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题目内容
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A. intentional
B. spontaneous
C. dynamic
D. static
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更多“Natural conversation outside t…”相关的问题
It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in it; in such a way that a perfectly natural daily intercourse will be established between them; and it is only by such an organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training, be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting intellectual work is, how vital, how important, how closely associated with all modern achievement--only by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty things; recitations generally prove very dull and unrewarding. It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is "practical" and connected with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who think.
The present and most pressing problem of our university authorities is to bring about this vital association for the benefit of the novices of the university world, the undergraduates. Classroom methods are thorough enough; competent scholars already lecture and set tasks and superintend their performance; but the life of the average undergraduate outside the classroom and other stated appointments with his instructors is not very much affected by his studies, and is entirely dissociated from intellectual interests.
An ideal college ______.
A．should have mature, experienced and professional men on its staff
B．should be managed by experienced scholars
C．should be managed by experienced scholars and energetic young men
D．should see tight, harmonious connection between the experienced and the inexperienced
B.What is self-confidence？
C.Self-esteem can be a gift
D.Importance of self-esteem
E.Self-confidence is developed
F.Advice for building self-confidence
Paragraph 2_____A.What is self-esteem？
B.What is self-confidence？
C.Self-esteem can be a gift
D.Importance of self-esteem
E.Self-confidence is developed
F.Advice for building self-confidence
Self-esteem is about _____.A.have low self-esteem
B.what we can do by our efforts
C.many great abilities
D.start a conversation with a stranger
E.be more visible to our surroundings
F.the feeling of being worth something
A good sportsman may _____.A.have low self-esteem
B.what we can do by our efforts
C.many great abilities
D.start a conversation with a stranger
E.be more visible to our surroundings
F.the feeling of being worth something
A man with high self-esteem is more likely to _____.A.have low self-esteem
B.what we can do by our efforts
C.many great abilities
D.start a conversation with a stranger
E.be more visible to our surroundings
F.the feeling of being worth something
Toget out of our hiding we need to _____.A.have low self-esteem
B.what we can do by our efforts
C.many great abilities
D.start a conversation with a stranger
E.be more visible to our surroundings
F.the feeling of being worth something
Self-confidence is about _____.A.have low self-esteem
B.what we can do by our efforts
C.many great abilities
D.start a conversation with a stranger
E.be more visible to our surroundings
F.the feeling of being worth something
Paragraph 3_____A.What is self-esteem？
B.What is self-confidence？
C.Self-esteem can be a gift
D.Importance of self-esteem
E.Self-confidence is developed
F.Advice for building self-confidence
Paragraph 5_____A.What is self-esteem？
B.What is self-confidence？
C.Self-esteem can be a gift
D.Importance of self-esteem
E.Self-confidence is developed
F.Advice for building self-confidence
Paragraph 4_____A.What is self-esteem？
B.What is self-confidence？
C.Self-esteem can be a gift
D.Importance of self-esteem
E.Self-confidence is developed
F.Advice for building self-confidence
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they're nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.
A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.
Imitating the brain's neural network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors", he explains, "but it's not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves. " Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the pattern recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.
Right now, the option that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
The author says that the powerful computers of today ______.
A．are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object
B．are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior
C．are not very different in their performance from those of the 50's
D．still cannot communicate with people in a human language
The theory of kin selection—the idea that animals can pass on their genes by helping their close relatives—is biology's explanation for seemingly altruistic acts. An individual carrying genes that promote altruism might be expected to die younger than one with "selfish" genes, and thus to have a reduced contribution to the next generation's genetic pool.
But if the same individual acts altruistically to protect its relatives, genes for altruistic behavior. might nevertheless propagate.
Acts of apparent altruism to non-relatives can also be explained away, in what has become a cottage industry within biology. An animal might care for the offspring of another that it is unrelated to because it hopes to obtain the same benefits for itself later on (a phenomenon known as reciprocal altruism). The hunter who generously shares his spoils with others may be doing so in order to signal his superior status to females, and ultimately boost his breeding success. These apparently selfless acts are therefore disguised acts of self-interest.
All of these examples fit economists' arguments that Homo sapiens is also Homo economicus—maximizing something that economists call utility, and biologists fitness. But there is a residuum of human activity that defies such explanations: people contribute to charities for the homeless, return lost wallets, do voluntary work and tip waiters in restaurants to which they do not plan to return. Both economic rationalism and natural selection offer few explanations for such random acts of kindness. Nor can they easily explain the opposite: spiteful behavior, when someone harms his own interest in order to damage that of another. But people are now trying to find answers.
When a new phenomenon is recognized by science, a name always helps. In a paper in Human Nature, Dr. Fehr and his colleagues argue for a behavioral propensity they call "strong reciprocity". This name is intended to distinguish it from reciprocal altruism. According to Dr. Fehr, a person is a strong reciprocator if he is willing to sacrifice resources to be kind to those who are being kind, and to punish those who are being unkind. Significandy, strong reciprocators will behave this way even if doing so provides no prospect of material rewards in the future.
The story of J.B.S. Haldane is mentioned in the text
A．to honor his unusual altruistic acts.
B．to show how he contributed to the country.
C．to introduce the topic of human altruism.
D．to give an episode of his calculation abilities.
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
At some point during their education, biology students are told about a conversation in a pub that took place over 50 years ago. J.B.S. Haldane, a British geneticist, was asked whether he would lay down his life for his country. After doing a quick calculation on the back of a napkin, he said he would do so for two brothers or eight cousins. In other words, he would die to protect the equivalent of his genetic contribution to the next generation.
The theory of kin selection—the idea that animals can pass on their genes by helping their close relatives—is biology's explanation for seemingly altruistic acts. An individual carrying genes that promote altruism might be expected to die younger than one with "selfish" genes, and thus to have a reduced contribution to the next generation's genetic pool But if the same individual acts altruistically to protect its relatives, genes for altruistic behavior. might nevertheless propagate.
Acts of apparent altruism to non-relatives can also be explained away, in what has become a cottage industry within biology. An animal might care for the offspring of another that it is unrelated to because it hopes to obtain the same benefits for itself later on (a phenomenon known as reciprocal altruism). The hunter who generously shares his spoils with others may be doing so in order to signal his superior status to females, and ultimately boost his breeding success. These apparently selfless acts are therefore disguised acts of self-interest.
All of these examples fit economists' arguments that Homo sapiens is also Homo economics—maximizing something that economists call utility, and biologists fitness. But there is a residuum of human activity that defies such explanations: people contribute to charities for the homeless, return lost wallets, do voluntary work and tip waiters in restaurants to which they do not plan to return. Both economic rationalism and natural selection offer few explanations for such random acts of kindness. Nor can they easily explain the opposite: spiteful behavior, when someone harms his own interest in order to damage that of another. But people are now trying to find answers.
When a new phenomenon is recognized by science, a name always helps. In a paper in Human Nature, Dr. Fehr and his colleagues argue for a behavioral propensity they call "strong reciprocity". This name is intended to distinguish it from reciprocal altruism. According to Dr. Fehr, a person is a strong reciprocator if he is willing to sacrifice resources to be kind to those who are being kind, and to punish those who are being unkind. Significantly, strong reciprocators will behave this way even if doing so provides no prospect of material rewards in the future.
The story of J.B.S. Haldane is mentioned in the text ______.
A．to honor his unusual altruistic acts.
B．to show how he contributed to the country.
C．to introduce the topic of human altruism.
D．to give an episode of his calculation abilities.
Most of us are blind to this interconnectedness of everything in the natural world.()
